Corso di laurea magistrale - Area di Ingegneria - Accesso libero con verifica del possesso dei requisiti curriculari - Classe LM-21 (D.M. 270/2004)
Informazioni generali
Descrizione e obiettivi formativi
Il corso si propone di completare la preparazione di una figura professionale che, grazie alle conoscenze di principi, metodi e tecniche proprie dell´ingegneria, contribuisca all’identificazione e alla soluzione dei problemi di interesse medico e biologico.
Il percorso formativo si innesta con continuità rispetto alla triennale omonima. Vengono approfondite le conoscenze di fisica e viene affrontato lo studio di strumentazioni e impianti, con particolare attenzione a principi e metodi per l'analisi, la progettazione, la gestione e la sicurezza delle principali apparecchiature biomediche e dei principali impianti ospedalieri.
Sono inoltre analizzate le interazioni tra i campi fisico-biologici agenti su tessuti o organi in condizioni fisiologiche o patologiche, sotto l'aspetto della modellazione e dell'approccio progettuale all'intervento (ad esempio, protesiologico).
Sbocchi professionali
Il laureato magistrale può trovare impiego presso industrie del settore biomedico e farmaceutico produttrici e fornitrici di sistemi, apparecchiature e materiali per diagnosi, cura e riabilitazione; aziende ospedaliere pubbliche e private; società di servizi per la gestione di apparecchiature ed impianti medicali, di telemedicina; laboratori specializzati.
Egli può svolgere le seguenti funzioni: progettazione di apparecchiature e di sistemi; funzioni dirigenziali in aziende sanitarie; gestione di grandi sistemi, in particolare ad orientamento sanitario; ricerca e sviluppo.
Condizione occupazionale (indicatori di efficacia e livello di soddisfazione dei laureandi):
http://statistiche.almalaurea.it/universita/statistiche/trasparenza?CODICIONE=0580207302200001
Valutazione della didattica - Studenti
Anno accademico precedente
Riferimenti web e contatti
Sito Web: http://ing.uniroma2.it/corsi-di-laurea/ingegneria-medica/
Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo Bisegna
E-mail: bisegna@uniroma2.it
Segreteria didattica:
Sig.ra S. Maniccia
Tel: 06 72597017
E-mail: maniccia@ing.uniroma2.it
Per ulteriori informazioni consulta anche il sito web di Facoltà:
http://ing.uniroma2.it/didattica/corsi-di-laurea/
PART I Introduction to the course. Introduction to the problems and tools of virtual engineering. The schematization of the geometries: wireframe, B-Rep, CSG, Octree, polygonal modelers. Parametric modeling based on features. Commercial CAE systems: features, limits and fields of application. Strategies and approaches to parametric modeling: parts and assemblies. Top down and bottom up modeling. The 2D and 3D sketch: entities, geometric and dimensional constraints. Layout sketches and kinematic sketches. Basic solid modeling operations and advanced solid modeling operations. Boolean operators and free-form deformers. Surface modeling. Modeling configurations and equations. Static, dynamic and higher assembly constraints. Flexible assemblies. Use and implementation of part libraries and features. Functionality analysis of parts and assemblies. Reverse engineering methodologies in the CAD environment. Construction, simulation, revision and interpretation of models of analysis of the movement of virtual assemblies. Application examples. Management of redundant constraints. Contact problems in motion analyses. PART II Analysis of the kinematic structure. Calculation of degrees of freedom. Kinematic analysis of planar systems. Center of the finite rotation. Outline of kinematic synthesis. Infinitesimal motion properties. Polars of the motion. Linear algebra: SVD and QR factorizations. Numerical solution of systems of linear equations. Spatial systems: Kinematics of three-dimensional motions. Angles and Euler parameters. Axis of helical motion for finite and infinitesimal movements. Rodrigues' formula. Relationship between Euler parameters and angular velocity of a body. Computer-aided methods for the analysis of human movement (motion capture). Principle of virtual work. The Lagrange formulation. Holonomic and non-holonomic constraints. Dynamics equations with minimum number of coordinates. Calculation of inertia matrices for compound solids. Newton-Euler equations. Applications to biomechanics. Numerical integration of motion equations.
The course is divided in the following topics: • Pattern recognition and multivariate data analysis: definition • Experimental data and the characteristics of instruments • Fundamentals of statistical analysis of data - T-test , ANOVA, F-Test,… - Statistical Regression • Vectors, vector spaces and matrices • Matrices and statistical matrices (covariance matrix, eigenvectors, eigenvalues) • Exploratory Analysis - Features extraction. - Data pre-processing. - Identification of outliers. • Principal component analysis (PCA) • Multiple Linear Regression(MLR) and Principal Component Regression (PCR) • Partial Least Square (PLS). • Multivariate descriptive analysis. • Models of non-supervised linear classification (Cluster Analysis, K-means, …). • Models of supervised linear classification (Fisher discriminant analysis, KNN, Mahalanobis classifier, PLS-DA, ...). • Model validation techniques (Leave one out cross validation, Venetian blind, ...). • Feature selection techniques. • Neural networks and Support Vector Machine for classification. • Genetic and bio-inspired algorithms (Ant Colony Optimization, Ant miner, Genetic algorithms, Artificial Immune System, ...) and their applications.
• Bioprinting • Structure and function of proteins • Structure and function of lipid membranes • The use of microscopy in biology and biochemistry. Optical and electronic microscopes • Atomic force microscope: modes of operation for imaging and non-imaging • Atomic force spectroscopy on a single protein • Example of use of atomic force spectroscopy in biochemistry: The giant protein titin. • Laboratory: design, fabrication, and characterization of liposomes • Laboratory: design, fabrication, and characterization of protein-based hydrogel matrices • Laboratory: preparation of samples for atomic force microscope • Laboratory: atomic force spectroscopy on a single protein
Introduzione alla prescriptive analytics e alla programmazione matematica. Metodi per l’ottimizzazione lineare e lineare intera. Modelli di ottimizzazione per le decisioni: Formulazione di modelli di ottimizzazione lineare (allocazione ottima di risorse, dieta, trasporti) e di ottimizzazione intera (investimenti, assegnamento, vehicle routing). Introduzione a software per l’ottimizzazione (solver su data sheets, AMPL Math. Progr. Language, CPLEX, Gurobi) Modelli avanzati/casi di studio: turnazione del personale sanitario, scheduling di sale operatorie, routing di veicoli per i servizi sanitari e loro implementazione. Cenni di machine learning.
• effects of the space environment on human behavior and performance • experimental methods to investigate the physiological effects of the space environment and methods employed to mitigate such effects • common solutions for the investigation and mitigation of medical pathologies and for attenuation / prevention of the physiological effects of the space environment • relationship between space physiology, aerospace physiology and aeronautical medicine • space environment simulators: facilities and instruments • instrumentation, calibration, data acquisition and data analysis of space experiments
The first part of the course (4 CFU) introduces the description, the design, the manufacturing technologies and tests for electromagnetic sensing and telemetry equipment involving wireless body-centric systems in a real environments. Finally possible vulnerability of such bodycentric communication link and their consequence to Security and Privacy are addressed In the second part of the course (2 CFU), the aforementioned themes are finalized to project activities with an active involvement of the students who will learn by doing, with simulation and experimental group sessions, how to plan and carry out a complex engineering project of biomedical value. In detail ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS WITH THE HUMAN BODY Complex permittivity (Debye, Cole Cole), Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) BioHeat Equation. Exposure limits, Safety by design. COMUNICAZIONE BODYCENTRICA THROUGH THE BODY Symmetric and Asymmetric links Near field links: Inductive coupling, Resonant Inductive Coupling, Sensitivity, Power Transfer Efficiency, Capacitive Modulation Near field links: Capacitive Coupling, Mid field Coupling, Network model, transducer power gain Far Field Electromagnetic Coupling : Friis model, Backscattering modulation Examples of Implantable Medical Devices (IMD) OFF-THE BODY COMMUNICATION Path loss model. Indoor and outdoor propagation. Fading Example of off-the body communication: body-drone RADIOFREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION AND SENSING (RFID) RFID SYSTEMS: NFC, HF, UHF - story and generality Reader RFID: modulation and anti-collision Application to sensing Training in laboratory NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS AND AUTOMATIC DESIGN Finite Difference Time Domain Method CST Microwave Studio solver Automatic design by Genetic Algorithms Applicato of GA to the design of a RFID UHF tag with meander profile FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY FOR WEARABLE DEVICES Textile systems (material, bending) Epidermal system (materials, fabbricati, embedding/coating, stretching) ELECTROMAGENTIC VULNERABILITY AND PRIVACY Physical security and Side Channel Attack to wireless wearable devices. Electromagnetic emission, susceptibility and mitigations EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION Impedance matching, realized gain Fabrication of prototypes
PART I Introduction to the course. Introduction to the problems and tools of virtual engineering. The schematization of the geometries: wireframe, B-Rep, CSG, Octree, polygonal modelers. Parametric modeling based on features. Commercial CAE systems: features, limits and fields of application. Strategies and approaches to parametric modeling: parts and assemblies. Top down and bottom up modeling. The 2D and 3D sketch: entities, geometric and dimensional constraints. Layout sketches and kinematic sketches. Basic solid modeling operations and advanced solid modeling operations. Boolean operators and free-form deformers. Surface modeling. Modeling configurations and equations. Static, dynamic and higher assembly constraints. Flexible assemblies. Use and implementation of part libraries and features. Functionality analysis of parts and assemblies. Reverse engineering methodologies in the CAD environment. Construction, simulation, revision and interpretation of models of analysis of the movement of virtual assemblies. Application examples. Management of redundant constraints. Contact problems in motion analyses. PART II Analysis of the kinematic structure. Calculation of degrees of freedom. Kinematic analysis of planar systems. Center of the finite rotation. Outline of kinematic synthesis. Infinitesimal motion properties. Polars of the motion. Linear algebra: SVD and QR factorizations. Numerical solution of systems of linear equations. Spatial systems: Kinematics of three-dimensional motions. Angles and Euler parameters. Axis of helical motion for finite and infinitesimal movements. Rodrigues' formula. Relationship between Euler parameters and angular velocity of a body. Computer-aided methods for the analysis of human movement (motion capture). Principle of virtual work. The Lagrange formulation. Holonomic and non-holonomic constraints. Dynamics equations with minimum number of coordinates. Calculation of inertia matrices for compound solids. Newton-Euler equations. Applications to biomechanics. Numerical integration of motion equations.
Physiopathology of the hematopoietic apparatus Hematopoiesis (influence of tissue and humoral factors) Anemias (signs and symptoms) reticulocytes Morphological classification of anemias Physiopathological classification of anemias Aplastic anemia Macrocytic anemias Iron deficiency anemia iron functions distribution of iron in the body causes of iron deficiency Laboratory study of sideropenia Symptomatology and therapy of martial deficiency Anemia associated with inflammatory diseases Haemoglobinopathies thalassemia pathogenesis signs and symptoms diagnosis and therapy Hemolytic anemias (general) Sickle cell anemia genetics pathogenesis (anemia and vaso-occlusive phenomena) clinical picture, diagnosis and therapy Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria pathogenesis clinical picture and diagnosis Spherocytosis elliptocytosis G6PD deficit Autoimmune hemolytic anemia from antibodies (hot and cold) drug-induced Coombs test Anemias due to trauma of emazia Haemostasis vascular phase the role of platelets (adhesion, aggregation, degranulation, retraction) coagulation cascade control mechanisms (antithrombin III and C / S protein system) fibrinolysis vitamin K and pharmacological inhibitors PT and PTT hematophagic disorders due to platelet defect hematophagic disorders due to defect of the coagulation cascade tumoral disorders due to vessel defect Neoplasms (definition and mechanisms of tumorigenesis) Leukemias (generalities) Acute myeloid leukemias pathogenesis natural history diagnosis and therapy Chronic myeloid leukemia pathogenesis natural history diagnosis and therapy Chronic myeloproliferative diseases myelofibrosis essential thrombocythemia polycythemia vera Anatomy of the central and peripheral nervous system functions and pathologies of the cerebellum functions and pathologies of the nuclei of the base Myotendinous reflex Support of the body against gravity Clinical applications of the myotatic reflex tendon reflex functional integration between the myotatic and tendon reflexes Sensitivity equilibrium. Pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system Pathological doubling of heart tones Heart murmurs Physiological and pathological changes in pacemaker frequency Biochemical bases of muscle contraction Depolarization of heart muscle tissue Cardiac work Contractility role of football, Starling's law factors that modify the preload The post-load Pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiac damage increased resistance volume overload Progression of heart damage reduction of the contractile mass role of aldosterone role of apoptosis role of ischemia Heart failure SN DS heart failure Causes triggering heart failure Diastolic dysfunction Pulmonary edema Other consequences of heart failure Pulmonary heart and extrinsic heart failure Evaluation of cardiac function Acute pericarditis Cardiac tamponade Constrictive pericarditis The mechanisms of physiological adaptation of coronaries Pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia The genesis of atherosclerotic plaque Chest pain of cardiac origin Stress and unstable angina Pathogenesis of infarct Diagnosis and therapy of coronary artery disease Ventricular aneurysm Aortic dissecting aneurysm Cardiomyopathies (dilatative, restrictive, hypertrophic, right ventricular arrhythmogenic dysplasia) The rheumatic disease Mitral stenosis Mitral insufficiency Aortic stenosis Aortic insufficiency Interatrial defect Interventricular defect Patency of the ductus arteriosus Tetralogy of FallotPhysiological regulation of blood pressure Physiopathology of essential hypertension Organ damage in hypertension Electrocardiogram (ECG) Atrial depolarization Depolarization and ventricular repolarization ECG in cardiac hypertrophy and bundle branch block ECG changes during ischemia (S-T segment and T wave) ECG changes during heart attack Arrhythmias due to altered impulse formation Arrhythmias for re-entry Sinus tachycardia Atrial tachycardias Atrial fibrillation Atrial flutter Ventricular tachycardias Ventricular fibrillation Inorganic sinus bradycardia Sino-atrial blocks Atrio-ventricular blocks Atrioventricular dissociation Junctional extrasystoles Ventricular extrasystoles Respiratory System Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport Nervous and chemical control of respiratory movements Compliance Elastic return Surfactant functions Point of equal pressure in the normal subject, in the elastic return deficit and in obstructive pathologies Ventilation distribution and perfusion Ventilation / perfusion ratio Static lung volumes Measurement of residual volume Normal and pathological spirometric curves, interpretation Measurement of dissemination capacity Chronic bronchitis Pulmonary emphysema Bronchial asthma Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pneumothorax Pleural effusion Pneumonia Urinary System Structure and function of the glomerular filtration membrane Characteristics of the ultrafiltrate Causes of modification of the glomerular filtration rate The tubulo-glomerular feedback Tubular reabsorption Maximum tubular transport Renal clearance The renal water balance proximal convoluted tubule loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct (role of ADH) The recirculation of urea hematuria Proteinuria pyuria Immunological and non-immunological glomerular lesion Pathogenetic mechanisms Mechanisms of glomerular damage Nephritic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome Pre-renal renal failure (IRA) IRA renal Post-renal IRA Chronic renal failure nephrolithiasis.
This course addresses theoretical approaches, technical results and computational methods for the description of material constitutive behavior, starting from the multiscale arrangement of components and taking into account possible multiphysics mechanisms. The course includes: 1. Review of the phenomenological behavior of tissues and biomaterials: aspects of constitutive anisotropy and nonlinearity 2. Introduction to thermodynamic principles for the development of constitutive models 3. Theoretical and computational approaches for multiscale modeling 4. Technical results for the homogenization of materials with microstructure 5. Elements of fracture mechanics, damage and plasticity 6. Elements of constitutive models in finite deformation regime 7. Models of materials in elastic, elastoplastic and damage regime: biological tissues, laminated composites and metals for prostheses. 8. Multiphysics material response: chemo-mechano-biology of biological tissues, poroelasticity of hydrogels and pseudoelasticity of shape memory alloys. Students will be guided through practical exercises, assigning projects to be solved thanks to the implementation of numerical codes, including finite elements.
Thermo-technique systems 1. Review of psychrometry 2. Major and minor pressure losses in pipes. 3. Fanger comfort equation 4. Different types of water heating systems 5. System components 6. Air systems 7. Air and water mixed plants. 8. Specific needs of plants inside the hospital: hospitalization wards 9. Specific needs of plants inside the hospital: surgery departments 10. Medical gas distribution systems 11. Standards Exercises (thermo-technique plants): An exercise is foreseen consisting in the preliminary design of a plant for a hospital room. Measurements: 1 - Measurement theory: general theory of measurement, direct and indirect measurements, probabilistic character of physical measurements. 2 - Measurement process: measurements for comparison with standards and measurements with calibrated instruments; measure as a signal; input and output quantities; sensors, actuators, transducers. 3 - Measurement chain: sensor, signal conditioner, output presentation. 4 - The measurement signal in the time domain: steady state, periodic and pulse quantities; examples of analysis of signals of periodic quantities; amplitude, frequency, phase response; delay, rise time, response speed, Fourier series development of a signal, Fourier transform 5 - Measurement system: instrument as a mass, spring and damper system; zeroth, first and second order instruments; response of the instruments of the different orders to the step, to the ramp, to the pulse and to the harmonic oscillations. 7 - Metrological characteristics of the instruments: static characteristics: calibration and its uncertainty, type A and B uncertainties (ISO Guide); dynamic characteristics: response time, dead time. 9 - Statistical processing of data: random variables, distributions, statistical tests (belonging, Student, Chi-square), uncertainty propagation; least square regression, linear and non linear case (Gauss Newton method). Exercise (Measurements): Students must process a series of data acquired by means of library programs (Excel) or others written by them, also performing statistical tests on them.
The program is divided in five main sections Introduction: definitions, classification of plastics, present clima and environment global policy and sterategies Section 1a: conventional plastics, environmental impact of convenctional plastics Section 1b: micro- and nanopalstics Section 1c: biodegradable plastics and bioplastics Section 2: Biologically-derived technological materials Section 3a:materials mediated,templated, inspired by biological systems Section 3b: introduction to nanobiotechnology Section 4: self-healing materials Section 5: engineered living materials Conclusions: current trends and future challenges of sustainable and biotechnological materials
Electroencephalogram Genesis of the cerebral bioelectric signals Normal EEG Pathologic EEG Artifacts Quantitative EEG Clinical applications Polygraphy and Polysomnography Sleep scoring Sleep Macrostructure Sleep Microstructure Evoked Potentials Exogenous Evoked Potentials Visual Evoked Potentials Somatosensory Evoked Potentials Acoustic Evoked Potentials Motor Evoked Potentials Endogenous Evoked Potentials Cognitive Evoked Potentials Electromyography Electroneurography Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring Neurophysiological monitoring in intensive care Neurosonology Eco-Color-Doppler of precerebral arteries Transcranial Doppler
1) Micro-nano-systems and interface circuits: introduction − Integrated circuits (the incredible Gordon Moore’s law) − Micro-nano-systems (“A friend of mine (Albert R. Hibbs) suggests…, although it is a very wild idea, it would be interesting in surgery if you could swallow the surgeon…”, Richard Feynman, “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom”, 1959) − Scaling laws − Micro-nano-systems: unique complexity and opportunities (CMOS, “swallow the surgeon”,…) − Analog electronics, digital electronics, smart systems,… 2) Tools for analysis and design of micro-nano-systems − Analysis and design of linear time-invariant micro-nano-systems (Fourier transform; Laplace transform; Bode diagrams; Nyquist criterion; evaluation of zeros and poles of a micro-nano-system) − Linearization of non-linear micro-nano-systems − Equivalent circuits − Examples (thermal/mechanical/piezoelectric/… micro-nano-systems) 3) Simulation of micro-nano-systems 4) Micro-nano-systems − Integrated circuits − Wireless health − Implantable systems − Wearable systems − Electronic skin (epidermal electronics,…) − Thermal micro-nano-systems − Quasi-1D nanostructures (nanowires, ZnO nanowires, nanobelts, carbon nanotubes,…) − 2D electronics (graphene, MoS2, van der Waals hjeterostructures,…) − Piezotronics − PCB nanoelectronics − Piezoelectric nanogenerators − Triboelectric nanogenerators − … 5) Fabrication technologies − Silicon oxidation − Thin film deposition (spin coating, spray coating, sputtering, thermal evaporation, CVD, LPCV, PLD…) − Synthesis of quasi-1D nanostructures (high temperature synthesis; wet-chemistry;…) − Solution-growth of ZnO nanowires (conventional; cyclic growth; microreactors with contact heating of the substrate; microwaves-assisted synthesis; local substrate heating by laser; local substrate heating by microresistors; advection – spin and spray; thermoconvective solution-growth) − Lithography − Etching − Bonding − CMOS technology (general principles) − Integrated resistors and capacitors − … 6) Characterization of micro-nano-systems (Atomic Force Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope, Kelvin Probe Force Microscope…)
1. Introduction. EM fields and human body, spectrum and type of radiation, classification of interactions, main medical applications, effects and devices. 2) Dielectric properties of human tissues. Biological and cellular aspects of the interaction, models, databases and their use 3) Low frequency interactions 4) High frequency interactions. Propagation models and dosimetry, SAR, Bioheat equations, measurement and calculation methods 5) Hyperthermia: Physical principles (diathermy, ultrasound, radiofrequnza), applicators (capacitive, inductive, coaxial, interstitial, waveguides, MW seeds). 6) Electrosurgery: ablation, electroporation 7) Magnetic Resonance 9) Unintentional exposure. Regulations, compatibility, Certification 10) Seminars / Visits to companies / industry experts
Standards for quality Technical legislation for the qualification of medical systems and equipment Applications: procedures for CE marking of medical devices Quality systems Process / customer / supplier model Measures in quality management systems Non-conformities (definitions and analysis tools) Models for qualification of process / services with reference to the medical and health sector Clinical engineering Definitions and risk analysis Standards for the electrical safety of plants Characterization of electrical plants in medical environments Software in medical devices Clinical engineering applications Organization and health informatics Quality in health systems Interoperability of health information systems Continuity of care Exercises for the modeling of a health service / process with ICT tools (UML, etc.)
Legislative overview of medical devices; Technology park management processes: management models and application examples; Maintenance management of instrumentation equipment: acceptance testing, corrective maintenance, preventive maintenance, quality test; Electrical safety basics in the health sector; Electrical safety basics in instrumentation equipment; Room classification for medical use Classification of medical room, group 0-1-2; IT-M electrical system; VCCC Conditioning System; HTA, procurement code, tender technical specifications, evaluation criteria; Practise.
Signal, information, noise Biomedical signals, classification, dimensionality, deterministic / random, spontaneous / induced, endogenous / exogenous elettophysiological signals electroencephalogram evoked potentials the P300 component SSVEP electroephysiological signals recording systems pattern recognition fundamentals neurofeedback Brain-Computer Interfaces BCI protocols
Advanced Computer Aided Modelling: Organic Shape Modelling Techniques. Subdivision surfaces, sculpting, direct modelling. Deformers. Lattice structures and generative modelling. Voronoi diagrams. Integration in CAD environments. Modelling of anatomical shapes. Training on commercial software applications for the reconstruction of organic shapes. Reverse Engineering. Methods of reconstruction of geometric shapes. Scanning systems. Processing of the acquired point cloud. Functional and organic reconstruction. Delaunay triangulation. Problems of fitting curves and surfaces starting from point clouds. Methods of manual and assisted reconstruction of anatomical surfaces. Laboratory exercises on the use of a contactless scanner and a mechanical arm probe for the acquisition of mechanical and organic shapes. Advanced simulation: compliant mechanisms. Pseudo-rigid kineto-dynamic models. Simulation of compliant mechanisms with multibody techniques. Craig-Bampton condensation. Full-flex methods. Contact problems. Application of compliant mechanisms in the design of prosthesis. Exercises on designing mechanisms with flexible links. Training on commercial software applications. Structural optimization and rapid prototyping methodologies. Requirements and needs for designing parts for 3D printing. Tolerances and morphological limits. Solid modelling of parts for 3D printing. Choice of manufacturing parameters. Influence of manufacturing parameters on mechanical and functional properties of prototypes. Topological optimization problems. SIMP, evolutionary and Generative design methods. Manufacturing costs and problems of operational and economic sustainability. Laboratory exercise on the design and rapid prototyping of a medical device. Human movement analysis techniques. Analysis of the ergonomics of the working gesture. Human-machine interaction. NIOSH and OCRA evaluation method. Advanced immersive and interactive simulation techniques. Virtual and Augmented Reality. Force feedback haptic systems. Natural interfaces. Sequential impulse solvers for real-time interactive simulation. Laboratory exercises on creating an immersive simulation in virtual / augmented reality. Miscellaneous case studies of industrial assemblies addressed with multidisciplinary computer aided design techniques.
Fundamentals of security of physical and cyber systems Enforced laws (GDPR) Availability, integrity and confidentiality. Basic Number Theory Old and modern criptography (asymmetric and symmetric key criptography) Basic probability and complexity Introduction to information theory Introduction to networks and information networks Security software and devices on single platforms and networks. Most common attacks and malwares: measure for prevention and mitigation. Non repudiation technologies: shared ledgers and electronic contracts. A more detailed program iand pdf's of lectures are available at http://gordion.casaccia.enea.it/SicurezzaInformatica
Innovation Management: - Innovation and profit - The profit chain - The sources of innovation - The definition of strategic orientation - The choice of innovation projects - Collaboration strategies - Innovation protection mechanisms - The implementation of a technological innovation strategy - The organization of innovation processes - Management of the development process of a new product - Open innovation Project management. Project. Project management. Program management. Project management processes. Systemic approach and integration. Context and stakeholders. Project phases (life cycle). Success criteria. Project strategies, requirements and objectives. Evaluation of the project. Organizational structures and projects. National and international project management standards. Project initiation (SWOT analysis, stakeholder identification and analysis, project charter). Planning of project scope, times, resources and costs, optimization of the plan and development of the baseline. Project execution. Project control (information gathering, assessment of deviations, Earned Value method for the technical-economic control of the project, identification of corrective actions and replanning). Complementary aspects: Stakeholder management, quality, risks, configuration and changes, contracts and purchases, documentation and project reporting. Project closure. Study of business cases, classroom exercises and project work. Guest lectures.
Thermodynamics Basic concepts: the International System (SI) of units and the thermodynamics system. Temperature and the zeroth law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics in closed and open systems. Entropy and second law of thermodynamics. Technical systems in thermodynamics: closed system (heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps) and open systems (compressor, turbine, valve, mixture chamber, heat exchanger, pipe and duct flow). The properties of substances: ideal gas, phase change process, moist air properties and psychrometric diagram. The gas power cycles. The vapor power cycles. The refrigeration cycles. Thermofluid dynamics The mass conservation law. The energy conservation: the generalized Bernoulli equation. Incompressible flow in pipes: laminar and turbulent flows, Reynolds experience, head losses. Pressure losses in a methane pipe flow and in a chimney: effects of variable physical properties. Compressible flows: speed of sound and Mach number, stagnation properties, isentropic flow through nozzles. Heat Transfer Basic modes of heat transfer: fundamental laws, units and dimensions. Electrical analogy. Steady and transient conduction. Heat transfer by radiation: thermal radiation and black body, Planck's, Stefan-Boltzmann's and Wien's law. Radiation properties. Enclosures with black surfaces. Enclosures with gray surfaces. Enclosures with gases. Convection heat transfer: the physical mechanism. Boundary layer fundamentals. Evaluation of heat transfer coefficient. Dimensional analysis: Buckingham theorem and Nusselt number. Analytical solution for a flow over a flat plate. Natural and forced convection. Forced convection inside tubes and ducts. Forced convection over external surfaces. Applications Thermometry: gas and resistance thermometers, optical pyrometer. Flow rate and velocity measurements: Pitot and Venturi tubes. Heat exchangers: condensers and evaporators.
1) Introduction to sensors: types and classifications 2) Ingredients for sensors: equivalent circuits, electronics, interfaces, noise, basic theorems. 3) Ingredients for the manufacture of sensors: microelectronic technologies, chemistry. 4) Basic definitions: Response curve, sensitivity, noise, resolution, sensor matrices. 5) Theory of fluctuations, types of noise 6) Temperature sensors: types and operation. Measurement bridges. 7) The transients in the passive elementary circuits C-R; R-C; L-R; R-L. 8) The feedback and recognition of configurations. 9) Operational amplifiers and applications, almost ideal derivators and integrators. 10) Current mirrors 11) Generators with high level of voltage and current stability, with temperature. 12) Fourier and Laplace and their use in linear circuits. 13) Signals 14) Differential approach to the resolution of R-L-C circuits. Complex systems 1) Measurement of true effective value 2) Phase coupling techniques: loock-in 3) Nearly ideal ramp generators: bootstrap, integrators with op-amp. 4) Ideal diodes and their use for product and division operations. 5) High speed switching triggers. 6) Voltage and current regulators 7) Spectral noise density meters. 8) Simple microprocessors for sensors. 9) Analog calculators Open mind aspects 1) Information theory 2) From the Flip / Flop to the Flop / Flip 3) Theory of absorption and desorption. Circuit model "Getter" effect. 4) Principles of uncertainty in measurements. Identification of errors. Sensors 1) Sensors of o2, CO2, CO, H2 CH4 2) Optical sensors 3) I.R. 4) Deformation sensors, gauge aspects a) In the classroom verrannos faces numerous exercises on point 14 b) Two lessons are planned on topics proposed by the students c) A seminar will be held by an expert Examination method. Sensor report (10 points) Written task (10 points) Oral (10 points)
In the first part of the course we will illustrate the principles of political economy and economic policy necessary to understand the complex economical reality in which sanitary services are provided; the fundamental questions of health economics, what to product, how to product and for whom; efficiency or effectiveness; the distribution issue; the market failures and the State’s failures. In the second part of the course we will illustrate the EBS- evidence –based medicine- through the definition of the screening tests and the analysis of the principles of clinical trials; the HTA (Health Technology Assessment) methodology to evaluate the healthcare services and the methodologies of economical evaluation of health interventions.
LABORATORY of ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS Description of the characteristics of the integrated electronic components (integrated single and multiple operational amplifiers, Timer555). Description of the characteristics of the material for the assembly of the circuits (breadboard) and the electrical measurements (power and excitation cables, measurement probes, probe compensation). Knowledge and use of the instruments of the measuring bench: (power supplies, waveform generators, oscilloscopes, multimeters). Assembling and measuring the response of circuits with operational amplifiers (feedback amplifiers, differential amplifiers, Smith comparators and triggers, sinusoidal oscillators), circuits with Timer555 (bistable, astable and monostable multivibrators). LABORATORY of DIGITAL ELECTRONICS Introduction to digital encodings (binary, hexadecimal, ASCII). Fixed and mobile point representation. Introduction to Boolean algebra. Elementary logic gates. Synthesis of logic functions and circuits. Description of the main logic circuits (adders, (de)multiplexers, encoders, decoders, counters). Solid state memories: elementary cells (latches, flip-flops), registers, volatile (RAM) and permanent (FLASH), readable (ROM) and rewritable (EEPROM), random and sequential access (LIFO, FIFO). Introduction to programmable logic (PLA, FPGA) and programmable electronic devices (microcontrollers, DSP, microprocessors). Architecture of microcontrollers (CPUs, peripherals, memories). Programming languages ​​(machine language, assembly, C/C++, interpreted). Arduino UNO. Description of the board, microcontroller architecture, port-peripheral mapping. Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment). Installation, startup, compilation, debugging. C programming elements: sketch structure, types of constants and variables, mathematical and logical operators, cyclic and conditioning instructions. Arduino libraries (digital and analog I/O, pull-up, pull-down, interrupt, ADC, PWM), generation of musical tones, dc/step/servo electric motor control, sensor management (temperature, humidity, ultrasound, etc.) and display (LED/LCD). Asynchronous serial (USB, Bluetooth) and synchronous (I2C, SPI) communication, Bluetooth modules. Mode of transmission and reception of data through the serial link. Use of software platforms for application development for O.S. Windows/IoS (Processing) and Android (MIT App Inventor) to control devices (displays, motors, sensors, etc.) connected to Arduino.
Introduction to dynamical systems. Examples of thermal, mechanical, electrical and biological systems. Models and representations. Algorithm to derive a state space model for RLC circuits. Computation of the response for linear time-invariant continuous-time systems (time domain and Laplace domain). Eigenvalues and Jordan form. Matrix exponential. Modal analysis. Simple structural properties. Properties of equilibrium points. Stability: norms, Lyapunov theorems (and Chetaev and Krasowskii La Salle), matrix Lyapunov equation, stability in the first approximation, BIBO stability. Steady state response for LTI systems. Frequency response (Bode and polar diagrams). Routh criterion. Reduction of block diagrams. Nyquist criterion. Steady state requirements for polynomial inputs an constant disturbances. Design of elementary compensators. Root locus and its use for design. Pole assignment. Steady state requirements for sinusoidal inputs and disturbances. Sensitivity function. Internal model principle. PID regulators (Ziegler-Nichols second method).
Program of the Course of Numerical Fluid Dynamics 1- Round-off error and discrete arithmetics - Representation of real numbers on a computer - Round-off errors - Measure of error (relative, absolute, percentage) - Correct and meaningful figures - Computer arithmetics - Propagation of errors 2- Zeroes of one-dimensional functions - Bisection method - Fixed point method - Newton's method 3- Polynomial approximation - Taylor polynomials - Lagrange polynomials - Least square method - Chebyshev and Legendre polynomials 4- Derivation - Derivation of evenly distributed point - First derivative - Higher order derivatives - Derivation formulas of high precision - Derivatives of non-uniform points 5- Integration - Integration of evenly distributed data - Rectangle rule - Rule of trapezoids - Simpson rule - Integration of unevenly distributed points - Gaussian integration 6- Differential equations - Euler method - Cumulative round-off error - Taylor method - modified Euler method - 4th order Runge Kutta - Relation betwee Euler and trapezoid methods 7- Linear Systems - Gauss elimination method - Pivoting - Matrix determinant - Gauss-Jordan elimination method - Advantages and drawbacks of elimination methods 8- Solution methods for fluid dynamic equations The standard classes will be alternated with practical exercises in which the theory will be applied to realistic engineering applications. The governing equations will be be solved using several numerical methods based on finite differences, finite elements and finite volumes. Final Exam The final exam consists of an evaluation of the assignments given during the course and a final colloquium.
APPLIED ELECTRONICS (Reminders) BIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH PACEMAKER DEFIBRILLATOR BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING ARTIFICIAL LUNG VENTILATION X-RAY TUBE MICROFLUIDIC IMPEDANCE CYTOMETRY ELECTRICAL SAFETY REGULATIONS
Introduction to Digital Healthcare. Technologies Networking Basics: Introduction to Computer and Internet Networks, Network Applications and Protocols, Network Transport Services, IP Networking, Local Area Networks and Access Networks, Mobile and Wireless Networks, Network Security. Cloud Systems: Cloud computing, AWS components, native cloud applications. Wearable Devices: Wearable Sensors and Devices, IoT Technologies and Protocols, Wireless Networks for IoT, Platforms
The course will address several examples of models of physiological systems. For each example, after a brief summary of the basics of the relevant physiopathology, theoretical modeling and numerical simulations will be discussed. A significant part of the course will be devoted to scientific programming by means of Matlab/Simulink and finite element solvers. INTRODUCTION: motivation and examples, types of models, modeling steps, programming and simulation tools. BLACK-BOX MODELS: examples, System Identification Toolbox (Matlab). Compartmental models: generalities, glucose-insuline model, concepts of identifiability and parameter estimation. MODELS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTROL SYSTEMSI: reminders on linear dynamical systems and control systems (open/closed loop, time and frequency domain analysis, stability); analysis with Matlab/Simulink (Control System Toolbox); Simulink models: lung ventilation, neuromuscular reflex, pupillary reflex, other examples. MODELS OF NEURONS: Integrate and fire model, Hodgkin & Huxley model of the action potential, Izhichievic model; analysis and implementation with Matlab/Simulink. DIFFUSION MODELING: reminders (diffusion equations, weak form formulation), in-depth analysis and FEM implementation of application-driven examples (e.g. membrane diffusion, drug release devices). MEMS MODELING: microfluidic impedance cytometers (in-depth analysis and FEM implementation), dielectrophoresis based platforms for cell manipulation, laminar flow in microfluidic devices. BLOOD FLOW MODELING: reminders (Navier-Stokes equations, Newtonian fluid), FEM implementation of significant examples (e.g. Poiseuille and Womersley flow, blood flow in an aneurismatic vessel). BIOMECHANICAL MODELING OF SOFT TISSUES: biomechanical properties of soft tissues, Hill and Mandel method for computational homogenization, basic concepts in nonlinear elasticity (stress measures, strain measures, hyperelastic materials, examples of energy functions). Biomechanical modeling of aneurysmatic vessels. BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL AND IMAGE PROCESSING: wavelet transform for computer-aided mammography, PET-SPECT image processing, signal and image processing for microfluidic impedance cytometry
