Corso di laurea - Area di Ingegneria - Accesso libero con prova di verifica obbligatoria delle conoscenze richieste per l'ammissione al corso. L'esito della prova non preclude la possibilità di immatricolarsi (D.M. 270/04) - Classe L-9
Informazioni generali
Descrizione e obiettivi formativi:
Il corso nasce dalla collaborazione con la Facoltà di Medicina e forma un professionista che, grazie alle conoscenze e dei principi, dei metodi e delle tecniche proprie dell’ingegneria, contribuiscono alla identificazione e alla soluzione dei problemi di interesse medico e biologico.
In linea con i corsi di laurea e laurea magistrale in Ingegneria Medica, si ritiene che solo completando il percorso con la Laurea magistrale sia possibile raggiungere la pienezza richiesta dal campo professionale, in termini di conoscenze e capacità e flessibilità.
Il percorso formativo prevede lo studio di alcuni insegnamenti in chimica, fisica e matematica che pongono le basi della modellizzazione. Vengono poi approfondite le conoscenze sulla meccanica dei sistemi biologici e sulle strutture di materie biologiche, ivi compresi argomenti di fisiologia e anatomia umana.
Sbocchi professionali:
Il laureato può completare la propria formazione tramite la omonima Laurea magistrale.
I principali sbocchi professionali previsti dai corsi di laurea della classe sono, per l'area dell'ingegneria biomedica: industrie del settore biomedico e farmaceutico produttrici e fornitrici di sistemi, apparecchiature e materiali per diagnosi, cura e riabilitazione; aziende ospedaliere pubbliche e private; società di servizi per la gestione di apparecchiature ed impianti medicali, di telemedicina; laboratori specializzati.
Tra i principali profili e mansioni: gestione di apparecchiature e di sistemi; funzioni tecniche di aziende sanitarie; gestione di sistemi (in particolare ad orientamento sanitario).
Condizione occupazionale (indicatori di efficacia e livello di soddisfazione dei laureandi):
http://statistiche.almalaurea.it/universita/statistiche/trasparenza?CODICIONE=0580206200900010
Valutazione della didattica - Studenti
Anno accademico precedente
Riferimenti web e contatti:
Sito web http://ingmedica.uniroma2.it/
Coordinatore: Prof. Gaetano Marrocco
E-mail: gaetano.marrocco@uniroma2.it
Segreteria didattica:
Sig.ra Serena Maniccia
Tel: 06 72597017
E-mail: maniccia@ing.uniroma2.it
In the course the principles of the design, fabrication, and characterization of a therapeutic and/or diagnostic system using nanodrugs, extracellular vesicles, and scaffolds based on hydrogels are illustrated. The principles of the behavior of nanodrugs, extracellular vesicles and hydrogel-based scaffolds in biologic fluids are also illustrated. • Design of nanodrugs • The pharmacokinetics of nanodrugs • Examples of nanodrugs used in the treatment of cancer • Examples of nanodrugs used in the treatment of arthritic diseases • The protein corona • Design of hydrogel scaffolds for biomedical applications • Examples of hydrogel scaffolds for the treatment of bone diseases • Extracellular vesicles: Physiological and pathological roles • Examples of extracellular vesicles used in the treatment of cancer • Matrix vesicles: Physiological and pathological roles
Course Content (syllabus): 1. Introduction to telecommunications. Definition of telecommunications. Role of telecommunications (TLC). Characteristics of the TLC system. Brief mention of the history of telecommunications. Standardization. The business of TLC. 2. Telecommunication systems and networks: evolution and preliminary concepts Telecommunication Networks. Transmission. Automatic switching. Signaling. Operation of ordinary telephony. Signaling procedure. Pulse and tone signaling. 2-wire and 4-wire circuits. Telephone fork. Telephone numbering. Telephone exchange. CAS and CCS signaling. Telephone hierarchies. International network. Routing examples. Generic structure of a telecommunications network. Network topologies. Categories of telecommunications networks. PSTN, ISDN and the intelligent network. Mention of the Internet network. A practical example: the fixed network of Italian TLC (TIM). 3. Transmission in telecommunication systems Fundamentals of transmission: architecture of a transmission system; concept of ideal transmission and perfect transmission. Digital transmission systems, architecture and functionality of the single components. Modulation and demodulation of digital signals. The transmission channel and its characterization: metal pairs and radio channel. Interference problems on metallic pairs and in the radio channel. Concept of frequency reuse for links in the radio channel. Interference and disturbance. Signal independent disturbances: thermal noise and its characterization. Parameters characterizing the digital link: spectral efficiency, binary rate, error probability per bit and per symbol. Dependence of the probability of error on the signal-disturbance ratio. Notes on the band-power trade-off for the design of digital transmission systems. Multiplexing on a single link and tuning function. 4. General concepts about telecommunications networks Structure of the transmission of digital sequences in information units (IU). Principle architecture of a TLC network seen as a set of multiplexed links and nodes performing the switching function. Representation of TLC networks with graphs. The multiplexing function. Classification of multiplexing modes. Concept of statistical multiplexing with possible reference to queueing theory in the simple case of M/M/1 queueing. Average queuing delay of an IU and throughput as the utilization coefficient varies. The switching function. Brief history of the switching function and its implementation. Overview of PCM and concept of circuit-based switching. Classification of switching functions. Switching at the UI (or packet) level and architectures and functionalities of packet-switched nodes. Performance parameters that characterize the transfer of IUs within a telecommunications network: One-way and two-way transmission delay (round trip time), Probability of IU loss (packet-loss), Probability of receiving an IU incorrectly (packet-error), Variability of relative receive delay between two consecutive IUs (jitter). Definition of the transfer mode of a telecommunications network: multiplexing, switching, and protocol architecture. The OSI model and the Internet model. Classification of TLC networks based on transfer mode. Types of information within a network: traffic, signaling, management. 5. Network functions and services Principle architectures of modern telecommunications networks: access section (remote section and fronthaul), connection section (backhaul) and network core. Notes on the realization technologies: access in copper and/or with radio link; optical rings on access and connection networks. Architecture of the net nucleus and adopted multiplexing techniques.
The scientific method. Elements and compounds. Chemical formulas. The balancing of chemical reactions. Chemical nomenclature (notes). Stoichiometric calculations. The principal chemical reactions. Atomic Theory. Sub-atomic particles. Isotopes. Quantum Theory. Particles and waves. Quantum numbers. Atomic orbitals. Pauli and Hund principles. Electronic structures of atoms. The periodic system and periodic properties. Chemical bonds. Ionic and covalent bonds. Valence bond theory: hybridization and resonance. Determination of molecular structures based on the repulsion of the valence electron pairs (VSEPR). Molecular orbitals theory (LCAO-MO). Application of MO theory for homo- and heteronuclear diatomic molecules of the I and II period. Dipolar interactions. Hydrogen bond. Metallic bond. Band theory. Structure and conductivity. Solid state. Crystal and amorphous solids. Metals. Ionic crystals and lattice energy. Insulators and semiconductors. The gaseous state. Ideal gas laws. Ideal gas equation. Dalton law. Real gases: van der Waals equation. First principle of thermodynamics. State functions: Internal Energy and Enthalpy. Thermochemistry. Hess law. Second and third principle of thermodynamics. Entropy and Free Energy. Equilibrium and spontaneity criteria. Molar free energy: activity and standard states. Vapour pressure. Clapeyron equation. Solutions: Phase equilibria. State diagrams. Fractional distillation. Colligative properties for ideal solutions. Chemical equilibrium: Le Chatelier principle. Equilibrium constant. Law of mass action. Gaseous dissociation equilibria. Electrolytic systems: electrolytic dissociation equilibria, electric conductivity. Colligative properties of electrolytic solutions. Low soluble electrolytes: solubility product. Acid-base equilibria. Autoionization of water: pH. Monoprotic and polyprotic acids and bases. Buffer solutions. Indicators. Titrations. pH dependent solubility. Chemical kinetics: Chemical reactions rate, activation energy, catalysis. Red-ox systems: electrode potentials. Galvanic cells: Nernst equation. Electrolysis: Faraday law; electrode discharge processes. Electrochemical applications: Fuel cells, batteries. Metal corrosion. Nuclear Chemistry. Notes of Organic chemistry. Polymers.
Introduction • Programming languages • Devlopment tools • The C programming language and some variants • Editor • Preprocessor • Compiler • Linker • The standard C library C data types • The memory • C base syntax • Predefined data types • Variables • Constants • Comments • Operators • Pointers Structured Programming • The if/else instruction • The "for" cycle • The "while" cycle • The "swtich" instruction • The "break" instruction Functions • Main function concepts • Protoype and definition • Value and reference parameters • Visibility rules • Library functions Containers • Vectors, Lists, Maps • Arrays • Array aperations • Array sorting Characters strings • The ASCII code • Charcters handling library functions • Strings handling library functions An overview on the object oriented and generic programming idiioms An overview on the C++ programming language
Introduction to the course and to the sustainable development goals Mass balances - Stoichiometry and kinetics of chemical reactions: reversible and irreversible reactions; homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction; reaction order (zero, one, two, and saturation reactions); determination of the order of a reaction (differential and integral methods); influence of temperature on reaction kinetics; van't Hoff-Arrhenius equation; (exercises) Hydraulic modeling of natural systems: general mass balance equation. - Batch model reactor. - Continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CFSTR) model: analysis of the behaviour of the reactor in the transient and steady states; relationship between process efficiency and mean residence time. - Plug flow reactor (PFR) model: analysis of the behaviour of the reactor at steady state. Biological kinetics equations - Growth velocity and growth rates; Maximum biomass growth yield; substrate utilization velocity; endogenous respiration velocity; enzyme catalyzed reactions (Michaelis & Menten equation); relationship between growth rates and substrate concentration (Monod equation); (exercise). - Batch reactor (BR): mass balance of substrate and biomass; dependency of the substrate utilization velocity from substrate concentration. Continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CFSTR) - suspended biomass without recirculation: mass balance of substrate and biomass; mean cell residence time and hydraulic residence time; fundamental equations; determination of the kinetic constants; net growth yield; Dependency of substrate concentration and net growth yield as a function of the mean cell residence time; (exercise). - Continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CFSTR) - suspended biomass with recirculation: mass balance of substrate and biomass; case 1 biomass excess discharged from the reactor (mass balance equation); case 2 biomass excess discharged from the sludge recirculation line (mass balance equation); Dependency of substrate concentration, biomass concentration and net growth yield yield as a function of the observed mean cell residence time; (exercise). - Plug flow reactor (PFR) - suspended biomass with recirculation: mass balance of substrate and biomass; efficiency comparison with a CFSTR reactor; (exercise). Atmosphere Description of the environmental compartment and main pollution parameters. Soil Description of the environmental compartment and main pollution parameters. Water Pollution parameters: Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (kinetics, effect of kinetic constant, determination of the kinetic constant: Thomas and differential methods); Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD); Nitrogen compounds (ammonia, organic nitrogen, nitrites e nitrates); solids (solid classification based on dimensions, volatile solids e and non volatile solids), other contaminants; (exercises). Effect of the discharge of an oxygen depleting substance in a river Oxygen transfer, mass balance of oxygen in the river (Streeter and Phelps equation), analysis of the effects of a series of discharges; (exercise). Introduction to contaminated site remediation and treatment and management of municipal solid waste.
1. First principles of funtional analysis:real and complex vector spaces, normed and Banack spaces (examples: C^K and L^p with different norms), Hilbert spaces and projections on subspaces, orthonormal bases in L^2 2. Fourier series: L^2 convergence, punctual and uniform convergence, separations of variables (to solve some linear PDEs) and applications to PDEs and to signal processing, Gibbs phenomenon 3. Functions of one complex variable: holomorphic functions, complex integrals, Cauchy integral theorems and integral formulas and consequences, analitic functions and their properties, isolated singularities and their classifications, Laurent series, the residue theorem and applications to improper integrals and integral of trigonometric functions 4. Laplace transform and principal properties, inversion formula, convolution and principal properties 5. Fourier transforms of L^1 and L^2 functions and principal properties, convolution and its Fourier transform, inversion formula 6. Outline of the distribution theory: test functions, distributions induced by loc-L^1 functions, limits in the distributions sense, the Dirac distribution and its Fourier and Laplace transforms, distributional derivatives 7. Applications of the Fourier and the Laplace transforms to solve ordinary differential equations, convolution' equations, wave and heat equations, properties of the heat kernel. 8. Shannon'sampling theorem and applications 9. Outline of the Radon transform, link between the Radon and the Fourier transform, application to CAT (computed axial tomography). Application of Fourier transform to MRI signals
FIRST PART: Composition of living matter Weakly interactions in water environment Energetic of life Nucleic acids Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids and membranes Enzymes Biochemical techniques SECOND PART: Introduction to metabolism Metabolism of carbohydrates Oxydative processes Oxydative phosphorylation Carbohydrate biosynthesis Lipid metabolism Metabolism of nitrogen compounds Nucleotides metabolism Metabolic regulation THIRD PART: Replication and restructuration of information Transfer and decodification of information Gene expression
Law and legal norm: the characteristics of the legal rule The legal system Private law and public law The sources of private law The application of the law: the effectiveness of the law in time and space The interpretation of the legal rule Subjective legal interest and situations The legal facts: fact and case in point The act in space and time: the statute of limitations The legal capacity and the ability to act The goods Ownership and ownership The bond in general: the sources of the bonds Contractual and non-contractual liability The parliament The referendums The legislative power of the Regions The president of the Republic The government The principle of fair trial The Constitutional Court
CYTOLOGY The cell: main features of eukaryotes, prokaryotes and viruses. Evolutionary origin of the eukaryotic cell. The RNA world. Ribozymes. Viroids and prions. Microscopes and their use. How to make histological sections for the light microscopy. Optical microscope: in bright field, phase contrast, interferential contrast. Fluorescence and confocal scanning microscope. Immunohistochemistry. Cytometer and Flow cytometer. Autoradiography. How to make histological sections for electron microscopy. Electronic dyes. Electron microscope: transmission and scanning. The cell membrane: structure, organization and functions. Fluidity: lipid and protein mobility. Lipid rafts. Transport. Cell surface specializations. The glycocalyx. The resting potential. The action potential and its propagation in excitable cells. Synaptic transmission. Extracellular matrix. Cell-cell adhesion, cell-matrix adhesion. Cell junctions. The endomembranous system. Granular endoplasmic reticulum. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi apparatus. Protein sorting. Vesicular transport. Mechanisms of secretion. Exocytosis, endocytosis, pinocytosis, phagocytosis. Cellular organelles. Lysosomes, peroxisomes and mitochondria: structure, function and biogenesis. Ribosomes: structure and biogenesis. The cytoskeleton: microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. Assembly. Cilia and flagella. Mitotic spindle. Molecular motors. Migration in non-muscle cells. The nucleus: nuclear envelope, pores and matrix. Nucleoli. Chromatin and chromosomes. Karyotype. Euchromatin and heterochromatin. Overview on the mechanisms of gene regulation in eukaryotes. The cell cycle. Mitosis. Cell cycle control. Overview on signal transduction: ligands, receptors, hormones, signal molecules and their mechanisms of action. Programmed cell death. Sexual reproduction. Meiosis. Gene segregation and crossing-over. Dominant and Recessive Inheritance. Codominance and incomplete dominance. Phenotype and Genotype. X-linked Inheritance. HISTOLOGY Stem cells -. Stem niche. Symmetrical and asymmetrical division. Transit amplifying cells. Epithelial tissue - Coating epithelia: classification and general structure. Basal membrane. Sensory epithelia. Glandular epithelia: classification and structural organization of exocrine and endocrine glands. Types and mechanisms of secretion. Skin: structure and functions. Connective tissue proper - Cells, fibers and ground substance. Classification: mucous, loose, dense, reticular and elastic. The mesenchyme. Adipose tissue. Cartilaginous tissue - Cells; composition of the extracellular matrix. Classification: hyaline, elastic and fibrous. Perichondrium. Growth mechanisms. Bone tissue - Structure, composition of the extracellular matrix and cell types. Periosteum and endosteum. Compact and spongy bone. Ossification and mineralization mechanisms. Bone remodeling. Blood and lymph - Plasma and serum. Morphology and function of formed elements. Complete blood count. Overview on hematopoiesis. Lymph and lymphatic vessels. Immune system - B, T and NK lymphocytes. Primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Overview on the innate and acquired immune response. Nervous tissue - The neuron. Glial cells. Myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. General structure of the nerves. Regeneration of neurons and nerve fibers. Muscle tissue - Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle cell structure. Characteristics of the three types of muscle: differences and similarities. Neuromuscular synapse. The mechanism of contraction.
Statics and kinematic of structures (56h). Statics and kinematic of continuum systems (34h). The detailed program is available at the link: didatticaweb.uniroma2.it/informazioni/index/insegnamento/180355-Meccanica-Dei-Solidi
1. Introduction to Anatomy 2. Cells and tissues 3. Bones and muscles 4. Joints 5. Imaging 6. Central and peripheral nervous system 7. imaging 7. Endocrine system 8. Cardiovascular anatomy 9. Respiratiry system 10. Gastrointestinal organs 11. Urogenital anatomy
rincipi di endocrinologia, principali ghiandole endocrine, ipotalamo e ipofisi Omeostasi Nutrizione; Controllo dell’assunzione di cibo, segnali di fame e sazietà; Motilità del sistema digerente; Processi di secrezione, digestione e assorbimento; Regolazione ormonale dei pr ocessi gastrointestinali e del metabolismo energetico, principali ormoni gastro- intestinali, pancreas endocrino e metabolismo glicemico; Ormoni tiroidei Regolazione della temperatura corporea Regolazione di fluidi e degli elettroliti; Liquidi corporei; Filtrazione glomerulare, flusso plasm atico renale e loro controllo, riassorbimento e secrezione tubulare, controllo di volumi ed ele ttroliti, sete e fame di sale; Renina, Angiotensina, Aldosterone, ADH Regolazione ormonale del bilancio del calcio e del fosfato; cenni sui processi di accrescime nto Ghiandola pineale e ritmi circadiani Cell physiology The cell and cell membrane; Membrane transport; Ion channels; Membrane potential; Actio n potential and graded potentials; Propagation of neural signals; Electric and chemical syna pse; Neurotransmitters, receptors, second messengers; Synaptic integration and plasticity Muscle physiology Types of muscle; Contraction in the smooth and skeletal muscle Basic principles on nervous and endocrine communication systems Components of the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system; Regulatory centres i n the brain stem; Principles of endocrinology, major endocrine glands, hypothalamus and pi
Geometrical Properties of Areas (6 hours) Centroid of a distribution of area – First and second order moments of area – the parallel axis theorem or Huygens theorem – Moment of inertia tensor for area distributions and coordinate transformations – Principal inertia axes and Culmann’s central ellipse – Pole and antipole for a line – Central core of an area. Continuum Mechanics (62 hours) Definition of Cauchy continuum – Statics of continuum bodies – Equilibrium relationships; stress concept; Cauchy representation theorem; differential equilibrium of continuum bodies and boundary conditions; symmetry of stress tensor; principal axes of stress and principal stresses; Mohr’s circles; Planare and one-dimensional stress states – Kinematics of deformable continuum bodies – The concept of internal compatibility; infinitesimal strain theory; principal strain axes and principal strains; planar and one-dimensional strain states; internal compatibility differential equations – Theorem of virtual works for deformable continuum bodies – Constitutive law – Experimental evidence and mathematical modelling; Green’s elasticity; Elastic potential and complementary potential; direct and inverse constitutive elastic laws; linear elasticity; isotropic behaviour – The problem of elastic equilibrium and displacement-based and force-based formulations – Uniqueness of solution: Kirchhoff’s theorem – Energy theorems: Clapeyron’s theorem, Betti-Maxwell theorem, Castigliano’s theorem – De Saint Venant’s problem. Formulation and solution. Simple forces: normal force; bending, eccentric normal force, shear, torsion – Thin-walled beams - Strength criteria for brittle and ductile materials: the elastic limit. Structural Mechanics - Remarks on statics and kinematics of rigid structures (2 hours) - Elements of Mechanics of Deformable Structures (32 hours): Beam theories: Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko models – Differential elastic line equations for beams – Inelastic and thermal loads on structures – Analysis of hyperstatic structures: the force approach; the displacement approach – The theorem of virtual works for deformable structures – Strength design of structures - Euler instability (8 hours) Elasto-rigid systems - Diffused elasticity systems: the Euler beam - Applications of the Euler theory for analysis and design of structures. - Limit analysis of structures (10 hours) The ideal elasto-plasticity - Evolution analysis and collapse load for ideally-elasto-plastic structures - Static and kinematic theorem.
Classification of electrical systems and requirements. Analysis of transitory and frequency behavior. Distortion in electronic systems and Bode diagrams. Diode semiconductor devices and circuit applications: clipper, clamper, peak detector, etc. Bipolar Junction and Field Effect Transistors. Biasing techniques for Transistors. Amplifiers classification, analysis and circuit design. Frequency response of single and cascaded amplifiers. Differential amplifiers and Cascode. Current mirrors. Feedback amplifiers and stability issues. Power amplifiers. Operational amplifiers and related applications. Oscillator circuits. Integrated circuits and voltage waveform generators.
I) NUMERICAL ANALYSIS APPROXIMATION OF FUNCTIONS AND DATA. Polynomial interpolation: existence and uniqueness theorem, Lagrange polynomials, Newton divided differences, Hermite polynomials, splines; Runge example, Chebyshev knots, composite interpolation, interpolation error, log-log diagram of error, conditioning, trigonometric interpolation and DFT; rational interpolation, 2D interpolation over triangular and rectangular grids; least square approximation. NUMERICAL INTEGRATION AND DIFFERENETIATION. Quadrature rules: Archimede and Newton-Côtes formulas, Gauss integration, degree of precision, composite numerical integration, integration error; numerical solution of Cauchy problems, 1-step methods for ODEs, explicit and implicit methods, examples (theta-methods, predictor-corrector methods), convergence, zero-stability and absolute stability (basic concepts). LINEAR SYSTEMS. Conditioning and error-analysis; matrix norm and spectral rdius; direct methods: Gauss elimination, Gauss-Jordan; iterative methods: convergence, Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel; stopping criteria; computational cost. NON LINEAR EQUATIONS AND SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS. Single equation: bisection method, regula falsi, Newton method, fixed point methods. Systems: Netwon-Raphson method. Optimization problems: quadratic functionals. II) SOLUTION OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS DISCRETIZATIO METHODS (FINITE ELEMENTS). Introduction; Ritz and Galerkin methods; 1D finite elements, triangular, quadrilateral and tetrahedral elements, higher-order elements, shape functions, master element and isoparametric transformation; stifness matrix and load vector, treatment of boundary conditions, assembly; 1D and 2D examples; application to linear elasticity; advection-diffusion-reaction problems; non-stationary diffusion; Euler-Bernoulli beam; computer implementation (basics). III) MECHANICS NON-HOMOGENEOUS MATERILAS AND STRUCTURES. Examples of non-homogeneous material; micro- and macro-scale; homogeneization: homogenized stiffness matrix, statisticlly homogeneous composites, representative volume element, localization tensore, Voigt and Reuss approximation, Eshelby, Hill theorems of average, Hill and Mandel method. Material symmetries and constitutive equations (monocline, transversely isotropic, orthotropic, isotropic); examples from elasticity: traction and bending. 3D non-homogeneous problems with FEM. Peculiarities of biological tissue mechanics: growth and remodeling of bone, collagenous tissues, Mariotte formula, structure and properties of arterial wall tissue. IV) FLUID DYNAMICS FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUIDS: Definition of a fluid, fluid as a continuum system, stess in a fluid, viscosity. Quantities and units, compressibility, equations of state and thermodynamic variables. KINEMATICS OF FLUIDS: Lagrangian and Eulerian description, material derivative. Streamline, streakline and trajectory. FLUID DYNAMICS AND GOVERNING EQUATIONS: Material and control volume, Reynolds transport theorem, mass conservation, balance of momentum and energy conservation (integral and differential form). BERNOULLI EQUATION: Bernoulli equation and its applications (Venturi and Pitot tubes). BOUNDARY LAYER: Fundamentals of boundary layer, simplyfied equations. Boundary layer separation. FLUID DYNAMIC FORCES AND SIMILITUDES: Foces and force coefficients, friction and drag, Backingham theorem, dimensional analysis and dynamic similitude. Distributed and minor losses. V) MATLAB FOR SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING Polynomial interpolation and Runge example; Piecewise linear interpolation and log-log diagram; Methods for ODE; Newton methods; Diffusion with FEM
Recalls on physical quantities and conventions; N-pole and bipole; coordinated verses; ideal and real resistor; ideal and real inductor; ideal and real capacitor; duality; ideal voltage and current generators; mixed connections of independent generators; real voltage and current generators; power delivered by the generator; equivalence between voltage and current generators; coupled inductors and ideal transformer. Principles of substitution, linearity and superposition of effects; Thevenin and Norton theorems; Kirchhoff's laws; power conservation; Tellegen's theorem; bipoles in series and parallel; voltage and current dividers. Graph of an electrical network; independent equations; algebraic and differential complexity; abbreviated methods of analysis: mesh method, knot method. Bipoles in steady state: rotating vector and phasor; impedance and admittance; powers in sinusoidal permanent regime; conservation of complex potency; real components in permanent regime; power factor correction. Triangle-star and star-delta transformations; Three-phase systems: phase-to-phase voltages, main phase voltages, line currents, symmetrical and balanced systems, star and delta loads; Introduction to electricity distribution. The real transformer: operating principle, construction characteristics, loss phenomena and equivalent electrical circuit. Transient analysis. Introduction to electromagnetic compatibility.
LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of the course students should: 1. have an enhanced knowledge and appreciation of human physiology; 2. understand the functions of important physiological systems (including sensory, locomotor, cardiovascular and respiratory systems); 3. understand the higher brain functions; 4. understand how these separate systems interact to yield integrated physiological responses, and how they can sometimes fail; KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: Students should be familiar with the processes underlying neural communication. They will also know the mechanisms regulating sensorimotor functions, higher cerebral functions, cardiac activity and pulmonary ventilation. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: At the end of the course students will be able to... Apply their knowledge of human physiology to the engineering design and development of simple functional assessment tools and/or prostheses. MAKING JUDGEMENTS: Students must have acquired sufficient background to allow them to independently evaluate the contents of scientific texts and to appraise experimental data related to physiology. COMMUNICATION SKILLS: At the end of the course students will have effective communication on be able to describe the topics of the course LEARNING SKILLS: Students must be able to explore and understand the scientific literature, and to use this information in the applicative or research domain.
