Corso di laurea - Area di Giurisprudenza - Accesso libero con prova di verifica obbligatoria delle conoscenze richieste per l'ammissione al corso. L'esito della prova non preclude la possibilità di immatricolarsi - Classe L-36
Lingua: Italiano
Informazioni generali
o Classe di Laurea: L-36 (D.M. 270/04)
o Tipologia di corso: Laurea
o Durata: 3 anni
o Tipo di accesso: Accesso libero, con verifica delle conoscenze in ingresso
o Area di afferenza: Giurisprudenza
o Dipartimento: Giurisprudenza
o Codice corso: T21
Descrizione e obiettivi formativi
Il corso propone una formazione interdisciplinare, integrando i tradizionali insegnamenti politologici e sociologici con i principali insegnamenti giuridici ed economici. Tale peculiare taglio didattico viene adottato sin dal primo anno di corso. Al terzo anno, tre distinti curricula (economico, giuridico, storico-politico) consentono al laureando di sviluppare più specifiche competenze nell’ambito di interesse.
Il percorso formativo è caratterizzato, inoltre, dalla proiezione internazionale che contraddistingue la maggior parte degli insegnamenti impartiti, e dall'attenzione alle competenze linguistiche, al cui sviluppo sono dedicati due appositi corsi nonché i corsi opzionali tenuti in lingua inglese.
La strutturazione dell'offerta didattica risponde all'esigenza di calibrare la formazione dei laureandi sulla dimensione a un tempo interdisciplinare e globale dei fenomeni che investono le istituzioni, le amministrazioni e le imprese, che difficilmente si prestano a essere decodificati e governati in modo organico da specialisti di singole materie.
La coniugazione delle scienze giuridiche, economiche e politologiche, unitamente alla flessibilità metodologica, soft-skills, è essenziale per creare figure professionali a tutto tondo in grado di operare in ambiti segnati ormai da commistioni assai forti e irreversibili, quali ad esempio: la Pubblica Amministrazione e il settore pubblico allargato, sempre più improntato a moduli privatistici e a criteri di efficienza ed economicità; l'impresa e le strategie imprenditoriali, che non possono prescindere dalla ricognizione del quadro normativo e giurisprudenziale di riferimento, oggi sempre più complesso; la comunicazione e il marketing, sempre più rilevanti nell'attività delle istituzioni e dei soggetti operanti nell'arena politica; le relazioni internazionali, che dalla realtà circoscritta delle organizzazioni internazionali si va aprendo al ruolo capillare della società civile e a processi di partenariato pubblico/privato dinamici e innovativi.
Sbocchi professionali
Il laureato può orientarsi tra l’immediato inserimento nel mondo del lavoro e la prosecuzione degli studi.
In ambito nazionale e internazionale, può svolgere funzioni di esperto e operatore dei processi di governance e del partenariato pubblico-privato e di consulente degli affari istituzionali. Sa condurre ricerche nel campo dell'organizzazione, dell'innovazione istituzionale e tecnologica, della progettazione e definizione delle procedure e dei servizi amministrativi e dei sistemi di assicurazione della qualità; sa ottimizzare l'organizzazione del lavoro, pianificando interventi di valutazione, motivazione, formazione e sviluppo delle risorse umane; organizza interventi di marketing strategico, relazioni pubbliche ed eventi; conosce il sistema istituzionale e politico nazionale, europeo ed internazionale. In particolare, il laureato può svolgere i ruoli di segretario amministrativo e tecnico degli affari generali, tecnico dell'organizzazione e della gestione dei fattori produttivi, tecnico delle pubbliche relazioni, tecnico dei servizi giudiziari.
Tali funzioni sono richieste dalla pubblica amministrazione intesa in senso tradizionale, ma soprattutto dalle nuove realtà organizzative previste nei più recenti modelli di governance, dal mondo delle associazioni, anche internazionali, che operano sempre di più a contatto e all’interno di questi processi, così come dal settore privato che opera in sistemi di partenariato.
La specializzazione scelta nel terzo anno può trovare coronamento nella prosecuzione degli studi in una laurea magistrale in Economia, Lettere e Scienze Politiche; il corso di studio ha un collegamento privilegiato anche con la Laurea in Giurisprudenza.
Condizione occupazionale (indicatori di efficacia e livello di soddisfazione dei laureandi):
http://statistiche.almalaurea.it/universita/statistiche/trasparenza?CODICIONE=%200580206203600001
Valutazione della didattica - Studenti
Anno Accademico precedente
Riferimenti web e contatti
Sito Web Corso: http://scienzepolitiche.uniroma2.it/
Coordinatore del Corso: Prof. Riccardo Cardilli
e-mail: cardilli@uniroma2.it
Segreteria didattica:
Tel: +39 06.7259.2354-2070
e-mail: segreteria@scienzepolitiche.uniroma2.it
The course aims to address the historical and legal origins of Italian and European political and administrative institutions, favoring a comparative perspective, focusing on French, Italian, English and US experiences. The course will address both the history of individual institutes and that of the administration of justice, as well as the doctrine and practice of law in the modern and contemporary age. Particular emphasis will be given to Absolutism, the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, the European Restoration, Fascism, the Italian Resistance and the Constituent Assembly. Furthermore, we will try to insert the history of European institutions in the broader framework of the "global world", focusing on the analysis of some colonial experiences and on aspects often neglected by historiography, such as slavery, the Atlantic trade, colonial law and justice. . Finally, the history of political representation will be retraced, trying to trace a genealogy, in the light of the current crisis of representative institutions. Themes 1. The institutional structure of the Europe of the Ancien régime: political and judicial bodies; the Great Courts; the States General; the fundamental Laws of the Kingdom 2. Absolutism: doctrines (Jean Bodin, Thomas Hobbes), norms (Ordonnances) and practice (rulings of the Grand Courts). The monarchs: François Hotman 3. The Enlightenment: Montesquieu (The spirit of the laws), Rousseau (The social contract), Beccaria (Of crimes and penalties) 4. The American Revolution: Declaration of Independence (1776); Federal Constitution (1787); Bill of Rights (1791); 5. The French Revolution: Declaration of Rights of 1789; Abolition of the imperative mandate and birth of modern representation; Constitution of 1791; Jacobin Declaration of Rights of 1793; Constitution of 1795; colonial slavery 6. The Restoration in Europe and the crisis of representative institutions: the French Charts of 1814 and 1830; the Albertine Statute (1848); the Paris Commune (1871) 7. The Slavery of the Moderns: Code Noir (1685); (provisional) abolition in France by the Jacobins (1794); American Civil War (1861-1865) and XIII Amendment for the abolition of slavery in America; definitive abolition (formally) of slavery in France (1848) 8. Representation of the ancients and moderns: from the Anglo-Saxon model to the French Revolution and to Jacobin and sansulotte practices 9. The crisis of European public law: the first world war; the advent of fascism and nazism; Rule of law and constitutional state
The course aims to equip students with a valid knowledge of the main events and fundamental problems that characterize the contemporary age, identifying their initiation in the globalization processes that emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century. Attention will be paid to European events in the context of growing global interdependencies, considered as a characteristic feature of the history of the twentieth century. In this framework, the following themes will be addressed: the apogee and the crisis of European hegemony; the two world wars and the "age of catastrophe" (1914-1945); the cold war, the division of Europe and decolonization; globalization and the end of the Cold War with the extinction of the Soviet bloc and dictatorships in the East; German reunification, the birth of the European Union and the new world order, up to many contemporary phenomena: from Islamic fundamentalism to the fragility produced by the processes of globalization; from the impact of the economic and financial crises after 2008 to the explosion of new nationalisms, which undermine the guarantees of peace and stability. In the second part of the course, Italian history of the twentieth century will be studied in depth, with the aim of showing the links between national history and international history that distinguish the contemporary age. The course will also offer a reflection on the meaning of history and its intertwining with the processes that affect politics, economy, society, culture, the environment. 1. The First World War: the advent of total war will be examined as a particular combination between the technological revolution applied to weapons and the advent of mass armies made up of citizens. The conflict is in effect the gateway to the twentieth century proper, with the beginning of the European crisis and the concomitant rise of American power. The impact of the war experience in different countries will be analyzed, highlighting its general aspects and the complex legacy for the post-war period, with the redefinition of European assets following the peace of Versailles in 1919. 2. The Russian revolution and the communist movement: Russian and Soviet events will be reconstructed from the upheavals of 1917 to the consolidation of Stalinist power, in the years of forced modernization and the Great Terror. The development of the international communist movement as the first global political network and the rise of twentiethcentury communism as a form of modernity alternative to the capitalist model will also be examined. 3. The postwar period and fascism: a general picture of the post-First World War phase will be provided, with particular attention to Europe. In this context, the advent of fascism in Italy will be illustrated as a peculiar response to the transformations known by the country through the experience of total war. A comparison will be made between the authoritarian models and the democratic models of response to the post-war crisis, comparing Italian fascism to the other authoritarianisms of the 1920s. 4. The great crisis of the Thirties: the prolonged economic depression will be examined in its global manifestations, which at the time represented a sort of "revelation" of the very close degree of interdependence achieved between the different areas of the planet. Particular attention will be paid to the various national responses to the crisis, starting with the laboratory of the Rooseveltian New Deal. The advent of Nazism in Germany will be framed in the failure of a collective response to the crisis and in the emergence of rearmament and war as a way out of depression. 5. The Second World War: the conflict will be reconstructed in its different phases and in the different theaters of war. The renewed totality of the war will be highlighted, with the massive involvement of the civilian population and the connected phenomena of the Resistance and collaborationism. The red thread will be the reconstruction of the strategy of the two sides in comparison, with particular attention to the Great Anti-Fascist Alliance and the emergence within it of the American plan for the political and financial governance of the world order. 6. The bipolar world: a post-war picture will be provided in Europe and in the world, starting with the great division between the Western and Soviet blocs. The main stages of the Cold War will be reconstructed, highlighting the progressive enlargement from a European dispute to a world dispute, in connection with the process of emancipation of the colonies. The great confrontation between the capitalist model and the socialist model will also be analyzed at the cultural and collective perception level. 7. Decolonization and the North-South relationship: the main events and problems of this process will be illustrated, tracing its roots starting from the First World War. The specificities of the Asian and African landscape will be highlighted, as well as the intertwining with the logic of the Cold War: the new emerging North-South direction interacts with the East-West axis of international relations. Specific attention will be paid to the attempt by the new independent states to take an autonomous position on the world stage ("non-alignment"). 8. European integration: starting from a reflection on the radical crisis of the old Eurocentric order, the underlying factors that in the post-war period pushed some Western European countries to experiment with innovative forms of integration will be examined. The various stages of this process will be reconstructed, from the constitution of the Czech Republic to the birth of the European Union. Particular attention will also be paid to the affairs of the countries of Eastern Europe, their alternative integration and the relations between the two Europes between the Cold War, detente and the breakup of the Soviet bloc. 9. The fall of communisms and the advent of globalization: the processes leading to the dissolution of the Soviet bloc and the subsequent implosion of the USSR will be reconstructed, starting from the crisis of the seventies and the emergence of the third industrial revolution. Specific attention will be devoted to the events of Chinese communism, in its peculiar intertwining between economic liberalization and political authoritarianism. An overview of the problems of the new globalized world will be provided, using the complex and endless search for a new international order as a red thread. 10. Italy from the advent of mass society to the fascist regime: the characteristics of the first wave of modernization of a united Italy will be reconstructed, focusing attention on Giolitti's attempt to govern the process and expand the narrow foundations of the liberal state. We will return to the First World War, as a moment of definitive explosion of mass society in Italy, which requires a reform of the economic-social model followed up to then. Fascism will be analyzed as a peculiar response to the crisis and to the contradictions highlighted by the test of total war. 11. Italy from the fascist wars to the construction of democracy: the cycle of conflicts in which Italy finds itself from the submission campaign of Cyrenaica in the early 1930s will be reconstructed, highlighting its organic links with the ideology and objectives of the fascism. Particular attention will be paid to the years of the Second World War and the transition from fascism to the republic that began in 1943. A political, social and cultural framework of post-war Italy will be provided. 12. The great transformation of Italy and its legacy: Italy's inclusion in the new cycle of globalization and integration led by the United States in the context of the Cold War will be analyzed. The characteristics of the so-called "economic miracle" will be examined, highlighting similarities with other national cases and Italian peculiarities. Specific attention will be paid to the consequences of modernization, its impact on society and the ways in which it is governed, between the crisis of the seventies and the end of the so-called First Republic.
The course will study the basic elements of the theory of individual consumption and production choices, with particular attention to the neo-classical theory of value and costs, as well as to the market forms of monopoly and perfect competition, third editio them within a vision critical and not always utilitarian of the market. Specific contents 1. Thinking like economists: supply and demand for goods. The market: freedom or constraint? 2. The rational choice of the consumer. 3. Individual demand and market demand. 4. Consumer surplus and well-being from exchange 5. The manufacturing company. 6. Technology. 7. Costs. 8. Perfect competition 9. Monopoly 10. Pareto and Marshallian optimality
The course aims to introduce learners to the knowledge of public systems in Italy under the triple profile of organization, functions and responsibility. The course aims to transmit the basic notions on "public" decision-making centers, highlighting the variations that the very notion of "public" has known over the decades, and to highlight the special regime of responsibilities in relation to parameters, not only juridical, of legality and efficiency. The historical approach for the reconstruction of organizational models will be privileged, pointing out that the administrative reforms that gradually followed were conditioned by the political and ideological structure of the moment, sometimes producing contradictory results and generators of inefficiencies. The limits of the corporate approach, which is not always adequate, will be indicated, providing tools for reflection on the need to perfect a mechanism for democratic and transparent participation in public decision-making processes in view of a model inspired by concrete legality and, therefore, concrete efficiency. Themes 1.The historical evolution of the public administration. Organizational forms, functions, decision-making processes, procedures. 2. Administration and constitution: organizational and action principles 3. Independent administrative authorities. Legal independence and political independence. Limits and contradictions of the Italian system. The interference of the authorities in the decision-making processes of the bureaucratic apparatuses. The issue of lobbies 4. Activities and administrative procedure: general notions 5. The assets of the public administration 6. Public administration contracts 7. Public work and performances 8. The responsibility of and in the bureaucracy
The course is divided into three parts: • an Introduction (elementa prima), which intends to clarify the role and the importance of Roman Law and its medieval and modern history. Specific attention is given to the western and eastern path of the Roman legal system. • A Part is dedicated to the Foundations of Public Law, which intends to make a functional comparison between some principles and concepts of public law, with the aim of developing a critical capacity for understanding the ideologies underlying today's conceptual constructions (e.g. the Roman conception of res publica and modern conception of nation-state; people and population; power of the ancients and power of the moderns; freedom of the ancients and freedom of the moderns; equality of the ancients and equality of the moderns. • A Part dedicated to the Foundations of Private Law, which intends to carry out a functional comparison between some fundamental principles and concepts of the private law, with the aim of developing a critical capacity for understanding the ideologies underlying today's conceptual constructions (e.g. Roman conception of persona and modern conception of the person; Roman conception of res and modern conception of goods; the Roman conception of ‘contract’ and its ideological foundation; etc.). Themes 1 Law and Justice 2 Law and Human Person: hominum causa omne ius constitutum est 3 Ius civile, ius gentium, ius naturale 4 The actio in Roman Law and the action in contemporary law 5 Democracy and Republic 6 Liberty of the ancients and Liberty of the moderns 7 Equality of the ancients and Equality of the moderns 8 The ‘power’ of the ancients and the ‘power’ of the moderns 9 The law of persons in Roman Law and the contemporary idea of ‘subject of law’ 10 The costitutional role of family in Roman Law 11 The law of things in Roman Law and the contemporary idea of ‘goods’ 12 Forms of belogings in the history of Roman Law (collective form, public property and private property) and the ideological centrality of private property in the European Civil Codes 13 The law of obligations in Roman Law and in the European Civil Codes 14 The law of contracts in Roman Law and the general idea of contract in the European Civil Codes 15 The law of succession in Roman Law and in the European Civil Codes
The course covers the foundations of Italian and European public law. The introductory part will be devoted to examining the basic notions of the subject: the legal system, the sources of law, the theory of the Constitution, the powers of the state, the processes of supranational integration. In detail, the structure of the Italian Constitution, the sources of Italian law, both state and regional, the integration between national and European sources will be examined. The form of government will be analyzed with particular attention to the legislative, executive and judicial bodies of the State and Regions, as well as with reference to the institutional structure of the European Union, following its historical evolution. The jurisdiction will be analyzed both in general terms and with reference to the Italian constitutional jurisdiction and the relations between the national Courts and the Court of Justice of the European Union. The structure of fundamental rights is the subject of an analysis based on the constitutional contents and the main systems of protection of fundamental rights in the European legal area. The aim of the course is to provide a detailed knowledge of the institutions of public law in the perspective of European integration. Specific contents 1. The birth of the republican Constitution: from the fall of fascism to the entry into force of the Constitution. The general characteristics of the Italian Constitution in the context of post-World War II Western constitutionalism. Constitutional rigidity: general categories; procedure and limits of the constitutional revision in Italy (art. 138 and 139 of the Constitution). 2. The sources of law: notion and general categories. The composition of the sources in the system: the criteria for resolving regulatory antinomies. Hierarchy and competence in the system of sources of law in Italy. The impact of European integration on the system of sources. 3. Individual sources of law in the Italian legal system: ordinary law and legal reserve; legal acts having the force of law; the regional law; the abrogative referendum; government regulations; the sources of the European Union. 4. The form of government: general notion and hints of comparison. The form of parliamentary government in force in Italy: the relationship of political representation and the relationship of trust. The role of political parties in the Italian legal system. Parliament: structure (bicameralism), composition (the electoral system), functions. Parliamentary Regulations. The internal structure of the Chambers. In particular: the legislative procedure. 5. The Government and the Public Administration: position and role of the Government in the Constitution and in the historical development of the Italian constitutional experience. The President of the Republic in the Italian constitutional order. The judiciary: constitutional guarantees. 6. Title V of the Constitution. Regions with special and ordinary statutes; the regional organization. Regional functions: in particular, the legislative function. Local authorities. 7. Constitutional justice: historical and comparative notes. Introduction to the Italian model of constitutional justice. The structure of the Constitutional Court. The functions of the Constitutional Court. In particular: the judgment of the legitimacy of the laws and of the legal acts; conflicts of attribution; the admissibility judgment of the abrogative referendum. 8. Constitutional rights: general categories and main classifications. The problem of the foundation of constitutional rights. Guarantees of rights. Individual constitutional rights: freedoms; social rights; political rights; constitutional duties. 9. The European constitutional space: the process of European integration; the structure of the Treaties; the competences of the Union: general principles. The institutional set-up of the Union after the Lisbon Treaty.
Contents The course examines the historical and dogmatic events which, starting from the lex Aquilia, the law on damage in Roman law, led to the modern figures of damage and non-contractual liability. With reference to the different historical eras in which jurists found themselves discussing the damage and the relative responsibility, the main problematic nodes are examined, the lines of continuity between the different experiences are traced, the moments of rupture with the previous tradition are signalled. The story thus described allows, on the one hand, to contextualize and therefore better decode some current problems in the field of civil liability; on the other, to remove the possible conceptual overlaps that risk altering the interpretation of the phenomenon in the most ancient experience. In particular, the nature of the damage will be examined: patrimonial, non-patrimonial, merely patrimonial; and the type of liability: subjective due to fault and objective. Specific content Theme 1 The Roman experience before the lex Aquilia 1. the damage in the XII tables; 2. the praetorian rearrangement of the iniuria and the vote of the lex Aquilia. Theme 2 The Roman experience after the lex Aquilia 1. the interpretation of the Aquilian text; 2. the birth of new forms of damage and the emergence of the criterion of strict liability; 3. the actio in factum generalis: a general protection of the damage from the post-classical to the Byzantine age. Theme 3 Conservation and overcoming of the Roman experience 1. the new figures of indemnifiable damage from glossators to humanists; 2. the natural law construction of the category of non-contractual damage and the new model of strict liability. Theme 4 The legacy of natural law in European codes 1. the reception of the novelties of natural law in the German area codes; 2. the French choice of the general damage clause based on fault; 3. the double soul of the Italian experience: the notion of 'unfair damage' Theme 5 The new frontiers of non-contractual damage 1. the protection of purely pecuniary damage; 2. the typical nature of the compensation for non-pecuniary damage Theme 6 The new frontiers of non-contractual liability 1. liability for acts of others between the subjective model and the objective model 2. the example of parental responsibility
Specific content exam program Historical notes on labor law, Constitutional principles and sources of labor law, Current problems and prospects for reform, Union law, Freedom of association, Union organization, Union rights in the workplace, The contract collective: effectiveness, structure and relations with the law, the strike, anti-union conduct, subordinate work, self-employment, parasubordinate work, associative work, off-market work, the employment contract, the employment relationship, powers of the employer and employee, The object of the work performance, The place and duration of the work performance, Remuneration, Company transfer, Termination of the employment relationship: dismissal, resignation, consensual termination, Individual dismissal: protection real and compulsory protection, Collective dismissal, The different types of employment contracts: flexible contracts, The types of contracts n in the tourism sector, the guarantees and protection of workers' rights
The Course provides students with an in-depth examination of the structures and legal order of the European Union in its general aspects. After a historical introduction, a systematic analysis of the institutions, the legislative procedures, the sources of law, the interactions between the Union legal system and the legal systems of the Member States, the system of judicial protection will be carried out. The ultimate goal is to promote greater awareness of the role of the European Union as an expression of a system endowed with peculiar attributes, not only in the international community but above all in relations with the Member States and citizens. It will be particularly useful, in this last regard, to understand what are the inevitable repercussions that the action of the Union has on the legal sphere of individuals. At the end of the Course, students will therefore have to demonstrate that they possess adequate knowledge in relation to the composition and functioning of the institutions and main bodies of the European Union; the sources of law, their characteristics, their effects in national legal systems, their impact on the subjective legal sphere of individuals; the founding principles of the European Union legal system, the tools for asserting the favorable subjective legal positions guaranteed by the European Union legal system in national legal systems; the competences of the Court of Justice of the European Union (distinguishing them from those of other national and supranational judicial authorities) as well as the main appeals available and some essential procedural elements. Specific Contents Topic 1 Background and development of the European integration process: from the beginning to the Lisbon Treaty. Integration in the grounds of the community and intergovernmental methods. The legal nature of the European Union and its competences Topic 2 Institutional framework of the European Union: the European Parliament; the Council; the European Council; the Commission; the Court of Justice, General Court and specialized courts; the Court of Auditors; the European Central Bank; other bodies Topic 3 Decision-making procedures: the ordinary legislative procedure and the special legislative procedures. The definition of the correct legal basis. Remarks on the legislative procedures in the area of freedom, security and justice, and in the CFSP Topic 4 The legal system of the European Union: primary sources, intermediate sources and secondary legislation. The adaptation of the Italian legal system to European Union law Topic 5 European Union law and the subjects of domestic legal systems: direct effect; consistent interpretation; compensation for the damage. The procedural protection of rights arising from European Union regulations. The primacy of European Union law with particular reference to the Italian situation Topic 6 The judicial protection system: the infringement procedure; the action for annulment; the action for failure to act; the action for compensation for damage; the reference for a preliminary ruling
Contents The course aims to offer an overview of a relatively 'young' subject such as international criminal justice, which appeared at the end of the First World War and received a fundamental boost from the events of the Second World War. Once the atrocities of the National Socialist regime were unearthed, the undeferrable need arose in the international community to enforce the criminal liability of individuals belonging to the state apparatus, even for crimes committed against citizens of the same nationality. However, in addition to overcoming strong political-ideological tensions , it took decades to recognize and establish an international judicial body - the Criminal Court of The Hague - competent to ascertain the most serious violations of the jus in bello of a national and international nature (war crimes); attacks on international peace and security (crimes against peace); those concerning human rights (crimes against humanity) and, finally, genocide. Specific content Theme 1 Assessment models of international crimes of a non-jurisdictional nature. The experience of the truth and reconciliation commissions. Theme 2 Assessment models of international crimes of a jurisdictional nature. Excursus of the historical evolution of international criminal justice from the Tribunals of Nuremberg and Tokyo to the Criminal Court of The Hague, passing through the ad hoc Tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia. The progressive affirmation of the international responsibility of the individual for the commission of international crimes. Theme 3 The Rome Statute establishing the International Criminal Court. .The characteristics of the jurisdiction of the ICC. Theme 4 International crimes: genesis, evolution, analysis of the constituent elements. Theme 5 The trial before the C.P.I, the initiation of investigations and the functions of the Prosecutor; the hearing before the pre-Trial Chamber; functions and duties of the Trial Chamber; the hearing; the appeals. The faculty of exclusive self-defense. The protection of victims. Theme 6 The role of international criminal justice in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine
Contents The course focuses on the juridical and criminalistic study of public and private investigation activities, after identifying the constitutional roots both for the prevention and criminal repression. As a genetic and more refined sector of investigation, particular attention will be paid to the study of intelligence operations in the framework of the fundamental objective of the internal and external security of the State, with special in-depth analysis for issues relating to cybercrime, cybersecurity, dark web. In the light of the epochal turning point imprinted on our system by the Palermo Convention with reference to the fight against organized crime, corruption, money laundering, in the context of the characteristic of transnationality, the ongoing phenomenon of the transfer of typical intelligence operations into the criminal system will be analyzed . The centrality of the course will be the study of criminal investigation activities, both public and private. In this context, all the problems related to modern criminal law will be highlighted in order to address the multiple difficulties of identifying the formal procedural vehicles to make them a tool for raising the investigative and evidentiary level. An important in-depth analysis will concern the investigative activities in the field of criminal prevention, a sector that is little treated and increasingly emerging as an effective tool for contesting common and organized crime. Specific content Theme 1. Constitutional roots of the power of investigation. The art. 112 Cost as a source of criminal investigation activity. The connection between the articles 112 and 109 of the Constitution as the foundation of the preventive investigation. Theme 2. Intelligence operations. The discipline with reference to the security of the State. Guarantees for operators in application of the principle of reasons of state. Investigative tools, analysis techniques. cybercrime, cyberesecurity, dark web. Theme 3. Criminal investigation and relations with the inviolable rights of the citizen. Security police and judicial police: a still acceptable dichotomy? Perspectives of a modern reconstruction between prevention and repression. Reflections on the criminal law and the judicial system from the perspective of the public prosecutor's function. The various expressions of criminalistics. Needs for reform of the criminal trial for the opening of the trial system to new sciences and technologies. defense investigations. Theme 4. Preventive investigation. From prevention in general to crime prevention. The judicial management of prevention as a particularity of our legal system. Study of the prevention procedure in the framework of modern criminalistic provisions. The course foresees the integration of the lessons through interventions of professors of our University in the following sectors: 1. Legal medicine; 2. Forensic genetics; 3. Computer forensics. On the basis of agreements between the institutionally responsible authorities, students will be able to participate in an in-depth course equal to five days of full immersion at the Cabinets of the Scientific Police of the State Police. At the end, after a profit exam, a certificate of attendance will be issued.
In the first part of the course will focus on the evolution of the right to privacy and the data protection law. The topics that will be studied are: the multilevel sources, specially the GDPR (reg. UE 2016/679) and the Data protection Italian Code (d.lvo 196/2003), their scope of application; the definitions of processing, controller, processor, data subject; the principles relating to processing of personal data; the basis of the processing; the conditions for consent; the rights of the data subject and the transparent information. The topics that will be studied in the second part of the courses are: the obligations of the controller and processor; the responsability of the controller and the security of processing; the records of processing activities; the data protection officer, the codes of conduct etc.; the data protection impact assessment and the risk based approach; the supervisory authorities and the right to compensation and liability. The last part of the course will analyze the issues related to the processing of big data and personal data in some contexts (social networks, the purchase of digital contents or services, the Internet of things, the "Digital zero- price markets ") and activities (health, journalism, archiving, statistics and administration).
Respect. Philosophy and ethical-political issues The class will be organized in two units. The meaning of "respect" in the philosophical domain and its relevance for a deeper insight into the ethical foundation of democracy will be illustrated in the first unit. The relationship between respect, dignity and human rights will also be considered. In the second unit, building on the ethical and political dimension of respect, the focus will be on the limit of "what money can't buy" and the way to address the challenges stemming from inequalities.
The course intends to give a general picture of the judicial protection of rights through the representation of the main justice systems and the fundamental concepts of the subject with reference to the historical-comparative dimension of the theme. In particular, the course aims to provide learners with the foundations of jurisdictional protection in the Italian legal system and in the common European area, to compare the Italian legal system with the main socalled legal systems. of civil law and with the common law system, to present the common historical roots from which the various systems have developed and to give an overview of private dispute resolution mechanisms (particularly arbitration). Specific content Theme 1 Legal controversy and judicial protection of rights Theme 2 The Italian constitutional system, the EDU Convention and the European judicial area Theme 3 Due process, due process of law and universal principles of justice Theme 4 Comparison with civil law systems Theme 5 Comparison with the common law system Theme 6 Lines of historical development of judicial systems Description of the methods and criteria for verifying learning
Contents The intent of the course is to provide an overview of the rules and dynamics that govern the functioning of the Parliament. The course, while anchored in the consolidated scientific tradition of Italian parliamentary law, will certainly draw sap from the teacher's over thirty years of experience as a parliamentary official. Starting from this experience (and trying, however, as much as possible to objectify it) the objective will be to try to analyze the various procedures taking into account that the relative rules respond to well-defined logics, which evidently also have their roots in politics and in the history, the understanding of which is essential to understand the meaning of the rules themselves. The course will essentially focus on the analysis of procedures, understood however not as sequences of abstract rules but as the distribution of powers, faculties and obligations for all subjects in the field. Moreover, we will focus not only on the content of the individual provisions but also on the way in which (even over time) they are interpreted and the way in which they are actually used by the various subjects of the proceeding. From the point of view of the method and the structure of the course, a traditional approach will be followed, largely retracing the structure of the regulation of the Chamber (in constant dialogue and comparison with the regulation of the Senate), however not without some relevant exceptions, first of all the one by virtue of which the discussion of the relationship of trust will follow that relating to groups, regulations and bodies but will precede the other procedures, from planning to legislative, control and guidance ones. This is certainly not to diminish the role of Parliament with respect to the Government, but rather to identify in this relationship - evidently mediated also through the activity of parliamentary groups - the red thread that reconnects, in a dynamic key, all the other proceedings. Furthermore, the discussion, in connection with the relationship of trust, of the Government programme, which constitutes the framework for the subsequent planning and legislative activity of the Parliament, will also represent an opportunity to introduce the very important theme of the so-called budget cycle and more of the relationship between the European and the national programmatic guidelines, which is also today an essential element of the framework of parliamentary activity. As for the other procedures and especially the legislative one, we will try to highlight the differences between the ordinary procedure and the various special procedures. From this point of view, two essential issues of today's parliamentary activity will be addressed, namely the decree-laws and the budget law, highlighting the differences with respect to the ordinary procedure and in this way analyzing their characteristics and dynamics. Obviously, reference will be made to the problems relating to the regulatory reforms that will become necessary in the event of a positive outcome of the constitutional referendum scheduled for next 20 September. Specific content Theme 1 The parliament and its rules. The constitutional framework. Parliamentary regulations and their interpretation. The role of the president. The organization of the Chambers Theme 2 Electoral systems, political system and parliamentary groups. The parliamentary groups: necessary subjects and essential protagonists of the life of the Chambers. The position of the individual deputy. Verification of credentials. Prerogatives and immunities. Theme 3 The relationship of trust, the parliamentary majority and the government programme. The government program and the so-called "budget cycle". The planning of the works. The problem of the certainty of the times and the use of the emergency decree. Theme 4 Discussing and deliberating: the tools of the procedure and the organization of the sessions. The organization of the discussion. Legal number and voting. Incidental issues. Theme 5 Legislative proceedings. Ordinary procedure and special procedures. The examination in the Commission and the examination in the assembly. 6. Simplified or “decentralized” legislative procedures. The constitutional laws. The decree-laws. The budget law and related measures. European law. Other special procedures. Opinions on government regulatory acts. Theme 6 The acts of the inspection union and the guidelines. Supervisory and control commissions and parliamentary inquiries
Contents The course intends to provide the understanding of the cultural heritage constituted by the foundations of criminal law: the "political" problem of the legitimacy and secularity of the criminal law, the principle of the law reserve and the constitutional and supranational constraints; the principles of legality and offensiveness; the principle of guilt and the functions of punishment. Specific content The course is divided into five parts: Theme 1 The birth and critical function of criminal law: the general principles Theme 2 The criminal law and the guarantor ratio of the principle of legality in criminal matters Theme 3 The crime and its structure; Theme 4 The offender and the legal consequences of the crime; Theme 5 Relevant special section issues
Contents The course is divided into three logical blocks. The first thematic block presents the characteristics of the PA systems and the logics of Public Management and Public Governance; the second block is dedicated to innovation processes in the offer of public services to citizens, businesses and non-profit associations and to the connection between innovation processes and sustainable development logics (green purchasing, circular economy, sustainability reports). In the third block, the relationships between public administrations, businesses and non-profit organizations, the processes of social innovation and the Public Private Partnership will be analysed. Classroom teaching will be supplemented by the presentation of case studies and various testimonials from Professionals, stimulating the active participation of those attending the course in initiatives related to the contents of the course. Specific content Theme 1 • Analysis of the architecture of the PA system in the various international contexts. • The different models of State and the role of Public Administrations. - Entrepreneur State, Regulator State and Post Regulator State/Performing State. Theme 2 • Current trends in public management at an international level. - The role of the international observatories (UNPAN and OCDE). - International/national/local IIAS-IISA/EGPA GEAP research networks. Theme 3 • The main current trends in PA systems at an international level. - The challenges of sustainability and digital PA in the evolution of state models. - The challenges for PA systems: "Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development." Theme 4 • The state of the art of literature in Public Management. - From the bureaucratic model to the logic of New Public Management (NPM) in the public sector. - From the logic of New Public Management (NPM) to the introduction of Public Governance (PG) in the public sector. Theme 5 • The levers of action of the New Public Management (NPM). - The Public-Private Partnership. Theme 6 • The levers of action of Public Governance (PG). - The creation of networks in the public sector and the logic of interinstitutional cooperation. - Accountability logics in the public sector and social reporting systems (Social Report and Sustainability Report). Theme 7 • The non-profit sector. - Definitions, typologies and relationships with the PA system. - Social Finance. Theme 8 • Innovation system in the PA. Theme 9 • The system of PA-for profit relationships - Definitions, functions. - Typology and forms of relationships.
INTRODUCTION TO CONSUMER LAW. SOURCES AND FUNDAMENTAL NOTIONS. CONSUMER CONTRACTS BETWEEN SPECIAL REGULATIONS AND CIVILISTIC CATEGORIES OF THE CONTRACT. THE VESSATORY CLAUSES. PRE-CONTRACTUAL INFORMATION. THE RIGHT OF WITHDRAWAL. THE WARRANTY IN SALES CONTRACTS. UNFAIR BUSINESS PRACTICES. THE SAFETY OF PRODUCTS. LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE FROM DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS. THE CIVIL LIABILITY OF THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCER. INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION AND COLLECTIVE PROTECTION. Specific contents Theme 1 Introduction to consumer law. Fundamentals notions.Consumer Contracts. Theme 2 Transparency and information. Form of the contract. Theme 3 Formation of the contract and withdrawal of the consumer. The unfair clauses. Theme 4 Unfair commercial practices. Individual and collective protections Theme 5 Guarantees in the sale of consumer goods. Theme 6 The protection of the traveler. Producer liability in the context of non-contractual liability. Theme 7 The civil liability of the agricultural producer between the consumer code and the civil code
Contents The course intends to provide students with the main notions of commercial law, with particular regard to business law, partnership and capital companies and business crisis. Specific content 1) Enterprise The businessman. The categories of entrepreneurs. Acquiring the quality of an entrepreneur. The statute of the commercial entrepreneur. The company. The hallmarks. Ingenuity works. industrial inventions. The discipline of competition. Entrepreneur consortia. The European Economic Interest Grouping. Temporary business associations. Business networks. 2) Society The societies. The simple company. The general partnership. The limited partnership. The joint stock company. Actions. Relevant holdings. Company groups. The assembly. Administration. Checks. The budget. Changes to the statute. The bonds. The dissolution of the joint stock company. The limited partnership by shares. The limited liability company. Cooperative companies. Transformation. Merger and split. European companies. 3) Financial intermediation. Payment services. 4) Business crisis The business crisis. The failure. The preventive agreement. Debt restructuring agreements. Compulsory administrative liquidation. Extraordinary administration of large insolvent companies. Accurate study of the civil code and related laws (in the updated version) for the topics of interest is essential, together with the study of the manual.
Topic 1 Rudiments of public international law; the development of international environmental law: sectoral environmental law and sustainable development; the role of the United Nations in the development of environmental governance Topic 2 The subjects and sources in current international environmental law; the main environmental treaties; the principle of prevention and intergenerational solidarity Topic 3 International responsibility in environmental law Topic 4 The European Union and the genesis of environmental policy; the Lisbon Treaty; EU competences in environmental matters; EU environmental acts; the fight against climate change Topic 5 Relationship between environmental law and human rights; Relationship environmental law and investment. Topic 6 Analysis of case law on environmental law and climate change.
The course is divided into two parts. The first one examines the main features and tendencies of public regulation of markets, taking into account the impact of globalization and of EU law. In this part, the following topics will be covered: i. the founding principles of the EU economic integration process, their main instruments (freedoms of circulation, state aid rules etc.) and their most recent evolution (such as the NGEU and the European Green Deal); ii. the evolution of the intervention of the State in economics in Italy (such as the role of Cassa depositi e prestiti). The second part will deal with specific areas of public regulation (relationship between competition law and regulation; public services such as energy and transport, TLC, local public services; financial markets).
The course aims to offer students an introductory framework on the history of Chinese law and its encounter with the civil tradition based on Roman law, up to the creation of the new Chinese Civil Code (2021) which came into force on January 1, 2021. 1) History of Chinese law: a) Traditional chinese law; b) first modernization: Chinese law in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries before the Maoist revolution; c) Maoist period and juridical nihilism; d) second modernization: 1978-2018 China's way to law; e) 2021: the new Civil Code of the People's Republic of China 2) Introduction to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China 3) Chinese legislation on private law and the new Chinese Civil Code. 4) Importance of current Chinese law in the context of contemporary legal systems.
Contents Within the context of the Degree Course in Administration and International Relations (SARI), the issue of human rights plays a very special role, not only because of the evident profiles of internationality and interdisciplinarity, but also and above all in consideration of the specific skills required today of anyone intending to work within national, European and international institutions and organisations. Combining the theoretical-doctrinal approach and the normative-jurisprudential one, the course will draw its starting points from the legal-philosophical analysis of the development of the debate on human rights and their recognition in the fundamental charters and international conventions, to then reflect critically, both, on the authentic foundation of the obligatory nature of these rights, and on the political and cultural limits that often prevent their effective and full realization Specific content The course will be divided into two parts. In the first part, human rights will be examined, in their process of affirmation and, now, in the light of today's challenges of global, interconnected, multiethnic and multicultural society (among these, the delicate relationship between human rights and new technologies: an opportunity to inclusion and participation, but also the risk of new discrimination and possible injuries). In the second part, specific attention will be paid to gender issues and the violations of which women are still victims (gender-selective abortion, genital mutilation, forced marriages). THEME 1: Appeal to human rights and process of affirmation and recognition THEME 2: Foundation of the obligation THEME 3: Declarations and Fundamental Charters THEME 4: Jurisprudence (evolution and critical issues) THEME 5: Rights and cultures THEME 6: Gender issues
Main issues: o highlights on pre-industrial economy: first globalization wave; great divergence; o the first industrial revolution; o the second industrial revolution: technological and social transformations; o the 20th century: wars, crises, economic growth; new patterns of work and consumption; o the European economic integration process; the challenges of current globalization.
Knowledge and understanding: The course deals with the basic elements of descriptive statistics, probability calculation and statistical inference (punctual estimation, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing and regression model), highlighting their potential applications in the economic and social fields. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: At the end of the course the student will be able to design a data extraction process and to apply the descriptive statistics tools to synthesize them through tables, graphs and appropriate statistical indexes. You will be able to apply elements of the statistical inference process to produce point estimates, confidence intervals and tests using sample data. Finally, you will be able to study and verify the presence of linear dependence relationships between quantitative variables.
Contents The course is aimed at those who wish to acquire a structured and detailed overview of the political-philosophical development of the modern and contemporary liberal-democratic state. The lessons will provide a selection of primary texts by classical authors accompanied by the support of secondary literature. Main topics will include the definition of normative, realist, utilitarian, etc. political thought. as with the relationship between morality, politics and law, as well as the role of individual and collective subjectivity. Particular consideration will be devoted to modern contractualism as well as to the great philosophical breakthroughs such as idealism, Marxism and liberalism. The first lessons will be dedicated to the introduction of the theme and to the Greek roots of Western political thought. These initial lessons will include the presentation of general themes, texts and philosophical traditions which will be taken up and developed later. Overall, the lessons will be grouped around six themes: Theme 1 – Introduction to the study of political philosophy; Theme 2 – Ancient thought Theme 3 – Contract law and natural law Theme 4 – Kant and cosmopolitanism: beyond utopia, Theme 5 – Political justice: structures, capitalism and normative standards, Theme 6 – Contemporary liberal democracy: potential and limits. Specific content As anticipated, the course is structured around six themes. Theme 1 – Introduction to the study of political philosophy; Theme 2 – The birth of the state, Theme 3 – Authority and rights, Theme 4 – Cosmopolitanism: beyond utopia, Theme 5 – Political justice: structures, capitalism and normative standards, Theme 6 – Contemporary liberal democracy: potential and limits. Theme 1 Introduction to the study of the classics of political philosophy: the origins of the Greek polis. Theme 2 Classics of ancient thought: the theme of the birth of political philosophical thought will be analyzed with reference to the classical authors of Greek thought: Plato and Aristotle. Theme 3 Contract law and natural law. This module will continue and deepen the theme of the modern liberal state starting from the study of classical works with particular reference to Hobbes, Locke, Hume. Theme 4 Kant and cosmopolitanism: beyond utopia. In parallel with the examination of the concepts of state, the lines of development of trans-state thought will be traced with reference to the reflection on political utopianism and its overcoming with Kant. Theme 5 Political justice: structures, capitalism and normative standards. This module will deal with the classic themes of nineteenth-century state reflection with particular reference to Hegel and Marx. Theme 6 Contemporary liberal democracy: potential and limits. In this last module, the theoretical-political constructions of the 2 most important liberal-democratic thinkers of the 20th century will be examined: Rawls and Habermas.
The concept of (objective) law and the sources of national and EU Law. Private/Public law - Rights and Rightful Interests - The "system" of the Civil Code within the framework of the constitutional system. -- Litigation and protection of vested interests - Precautionary measures: registration of real estate transfers (land registry) – The civil process: judicial and arbitral procedures. Peculiarities of the civil trial: burden of proof, evidence (especially documents), injunctions, judgment on the merits. Statute of limitation. -- Natural persons - name, domicile, personal status; the right to privacy; personal data protection (D.Lgs. n. 196/2003) - Legal persons: profit, non profit - Law and property - categories of goods - combination of goods - in rem rights - real and personal property - real estate property: content and restrictions - other in rem rights: life estate - co-ownership and condominiums - time-sharing property - Circulation of goods and property transfer; original and derivative acquisition, relevance of the purchaser's good or bad faith – the notion of possess (comparative analysis) - remedies: actions in defense of property and possess. -- Obligations – (Subjective and objective) requisites of obligations - subjective and objective modifications: obligation as a good (securutization, factoring) – Different types of obligations. - Remedies against conveyance in fraud of creditors: Actio pauliana and conservatory seizure - real and personal guarantees, in particular mortgage and performance bonds - promises, gratuitous promises and securities – Performance and liability. -- Contracts - General Rules- Consent formation - agency and powers of attorney - contract content – the notion of “causa”, consideration, conditions and warranties - unfair contract terms, consumer protection - contract invalidities - remedies for non-performance. -- Types of contracts (explicitly provided for by the Civil Code) Other principal contracts in business practice (such as franchising - factoring - leasing). -- Torts and civil liability
The course is divided into three parts. The first part addresses the theme of allocative efficiency, the role of public intervention in correcting market failures (e.g. externalities, public goods and monopoly), market regulation, failures of public intervention. The second part deals with equity and redistributive policies, focusing on the welfare state and policies to combat unemployment. The third part focuses on policies for internal and external balance (fiscal policy, monetary policy, exchange rate policies and trade policies) and policies for growth. TOPICS 1. Introduction to economic policy 2. Efficiency, competition, market regulation 3. Equity and welfare state 4. Labour, social security and policies to combat unemployment 5. Fiscal policy and public debt 6. Central bank and monetary policy 7. Policies for external balance
The course introduces students to the legal knowledge of public administration law. It does not deal with administrative justice, which is also an integral part of the discipline and of the scientific disciplinary sector of reference. The basic knowledge of administrative law is an essential element for every S.A.R.I. Student, regardless of the privileged courses and the choices on the possible two-year post-graduate period. Administrative law studies the juridical rules of the way of being and acting of public apparatuses, rigorously limited by the formal law. It is therefore essential to know the structure and internal organization of the cc.dd. public bodies and figures equivalent to them. Knowledge of the forms of action of public bodies is also fundamental, characterized by the exercise of powers, which are also assigned and strictly limited by law, in the exclusive pursuit of typical objectives of public interest. The course also aims to illustrate the methods and forms of delivery of public services at central and local level and the organizational models placed to oversee them, to guarantee the essential needs of citizens and users in general. Finally, the course will introduce the study of the civil and administrative liability of public bodies, and therefore the pathological aspects of the action of bodies and officials, in line with the constitutional design of excluding any form of impunity of subjects invested with the burden of ensuring the good common. Specific content Theme 1 Concept of administrative law Theme 2 The public administration in the subjective sense: public bodies, public subjective figures, organization, inter-organisational relationships, controls Theme 3 The administrative procedure Theme 4 The administrative provision and its invalidities Theme 5 Public services Theme 6 Public goods Theme 7 The responsibility of administrations and public officials
The course aims to provide students with a valid knowledge and orientation skills with respect to the main issues concerning the level of international relations from the end of the 19th century to the present day. The disciplinary field of international relations will be developed in its broadest sense, not limited to the level of diplomatic relations between States, but including all forms of interaction between countries, economies, peoples, cultures. A common thread of the lessons will be the focus on the growing degree of interdependence between the different areas of the planet, considered as a characterizing feature of the contemporary age. Specific attention will be devoted to the post-Cold War globalization phase and its crisis, up to the current deglobalization scenarios. After an introductory meeting on the history of international relations in a multidisciplinary key, the course will be divided into three teaching units: a first dedicated to the theme Wars and conflicts from the age of catastrophe to the cold war (Topics 1-5, edited by prof. Gianluca Flake); a second of History of international economic relations. Europe between integration and globalization (Themes 6-9, edited by Prof. Daniela Felisini); a third concerning Globalization, crisis and geopolitics in the post-bipolar system (Topics 10-14, edited by Prof. Alessandro Ricci). Specific content Theme 1: Total industrial warfare and the crisis of the Eurocentric order. Theme 2: The international system between the two world wars. Theme 3: The Second World War: a "constituent" war. Theme 4: The Cold War and the Nuclear Question. Theme 5: Decolonization and the North-South question. Theme 6: Overcoming the world wars: open economy and mixed economy. The major international organizations and the multilateral development cooperation policy. Theme 7: The process of European integration during the Cold War. Theme 8: The process of European integration after 1989. Theme 9: Who rules the world? New players on the global scene. Theme 10: The global crisis after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Theme 11: Post-Cold War Globalization. Theme 12: The geopolitical crises of the 21st century. Theme 13: Challenges to the unipolar order. Theme 14: The Global War on Terror and the Islamic State.
CONTENTS The lessons will focus on the study of procedural models and the impact of constitutional principles on the current structure of the criminal procedure. In examining the so-called historical part of the procedure, the detailed treatment of each procedural subject, of the causes of invalidity of the documents, of the general principles on the evidence and of the structure of the procedure will assume particular importance. In particular, the individual procedural phases will be analyzed and particular attention will be paid to the precautionary measures and to the judgment phase (with specific regard to the formation of the evidence), as well as to the decision, to the special procedures, to the appeals and to the res judicata.
The course examines the development of Western constitutionalism from the age of the bourgeois revolutions to the most recent trends of constitutionalism in the age of legal globalization. The course starts from the identification of the characteristics of modern constitutionalism and the constitutional structures of liberal constitutionalism in North America and Europe; then analyzes the developments of twentieth-century constitutionalism, paying attention to the impact of democratization processes on nineteenth-century constitutional structures. Particular attention will be devoted to post-war constitutionalism in Europe, also with reference to the parallel development of human rights and supranational cooperation processes. Finally, the processes of expansion of constitutionalism beyond the borders of Western space will be analysed, focusing on the most significant contemporary national experiences in the panorama of contemporary democracies and on the most relevant problems for the culture of constitutionalism, such as the crisis of representative democracy, the dialogue between the Courts, the erosion of national sovereignty, the universalism of human rights. Specific content Theme 1 The historical development of modern constitutionalism: ideal roots and contextualization of the genesis of constitutionalism in the environment of modern Europe. Theme 2 Constitutionalism in the Season of Modern Revolutions. A) The English Revolution: Parliament and Common Law Courts, the contribution of Republicanism, the Glorious Revolution. B) The American Revolution: the roots of American constitutionalism, the colonial experience, Independence and the revolutionary decade; the Philadelphia Convention. The structure of the Federal Constitution of 1787; the presidential government, federalism; the federal Bill of Rights and the origins of the judicial review of legislation. C) The French Revolution: the contribution of the legal Enlightenment; Nation, law, representation; the Declaration of 1789; the revolutionary constitutions. Theme 3 The opposing paths of nineteenth-century western constitutionalism. Liberal constitutionalism in Europe: rule of law and rule of law in the European constitutional arrangements; the parliamentary government. Constitutionalism in the United States of America up to the Civil War and Reconstruction. Theme 4 Western constitutionalism facing the challenges of the democratization process: the Constitutions of the first post-war period in Europe: the Weimar Constitution and the development of second generation rights; the rationalization of parliamentary government; the centralized review of constitutional legitimacy; the advent of dictatorships. Theme 5 Post-war constitutionalism in Anglo-Saxon countries: the evolution of American constitutionalism: the modern presidency and the jurisprudence on fundamental rights through the application of the 14th amendment. Constitutional developments in the Commonwealth area (Canada and New Zealand). The transformations of British constitutionalism: premiership, Human Rights Act, Constitutional Reform Act. Theme 6 Post-war constitutionalism in European countries: the general characteristics of European constitutionalism and the trend towards an open constitutional state. The Constitutions of Italy, France and Germany. Theme 7 The open constitutional state: the development of supranational cooperation and human rights. Human rights in international law: aspirations and limits of human rights universalism. The development of international cooperation on a regional scale. Recent problems in the international protection of human rights: International Criminal Justice. Theme 8 The open constitutional state: the European constitutional area. The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and the process of European integration. Theme 9 The development of constitutionalism beyond the borders of Western space. Constitutionalism in Latin America, Asia, Africa. The European Constitutions after the fall of dictatorships and communism. Problems and perspectives of global constitutionalism.
The course deals with the main institutes of public international law, in order to understand the system of the international community in the articulation between subjects, sources, content of international rules, adaptation of state law to international law, illicit and its consequences. Particular attention is paid to the role of the United Nations in maintaining peace and protecting human rights. Specific content Theme 1 The subjects of the international legal order. Theme 2 The sources of international law Theme 3 The relationship between international law and Italian domestic law Theme 4 The violation of international norms, the consequences of the international offense and the solution of international disputes Theme 5 The United Nations and the maintenance of international peace and security Theme 6 Armed conflicts and disarmament Theme 7 The individual and the international protection of human rights Theme 8 State sovereignty: from the “classical” limits to the “new” limits. The treatment of foreign natural and legal persons The protection of state independence and international organizations in the legal system of foreign states Theme 9 The law of the sea.
Contents The increasingly pervasive multimedia in our lives and in our work and non-work processes has led to the birth of the so-called data-driven economy: an economy in which the use of data is central to business strategies and management, in the development of new products and services, in decisionmaking processes. Starting from this assumption, the Big Data Analytics course aims to give the student an overview of the technologies and architectures for the identification, extraction, management and analysis of large amounts of data. Furthermore, some statistical methodologies for multivariate analysis will be illustrated both in terms of dependence and association. The ultimate goal is to create in the learner an awareness of the phases which, starting from a question, lead the professional to answer it using the potential that derives from the availability of a large amount of data. Specific content Theme 1 Introduction to the choice of model type Theme 2 Storage, management, querying of large masses of data. Theme 3 Elementary data collection phases and techniques. Privacy and security. Theme 4 From Big Data to statistical datase; Supervised learning methods Theme 5 Multiple linear regression Theme 6 Applications with R of the linear regression model Theme 7 Logit Model Theme 8 Applications with R of the Logit model; Methods of unsupervised learning Theme 9 Cluster Analysis Theme 10 Applications with R of Cluster Analysis Theme 11 Principal component analysis Theme 12 Applications with R of Principal Component Analysis
Contents The course aims to introduce the student to the issues of international economics, highlighting the development of the main theories aimed at explaining the dynamics of the world economy. To help the student grasp the logic underlying the international economy, the course intends to offer a set of updated and analytically rigorous and at the same time understandable analyzes for the interpretation of the most relevant phenomena related to globalization processes. Specific content Theme 1 Trade in the global economy Theme 2 International trade and technology: the Ricardian model Theme 3 Gains and losses from trade in the specific factor model Theme 4 Trade and resources: the Heckscher-Ohlin model Theme 5 The international mobility of labor and capital Theme 6 Increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition Theme 7 The outsourcing of goods and services Theme 8 Import tariffs and quotas in perfect competition Theme 9 Export subsidies Theme 10 The balance of payments Theme 11 Exchange rate and competitiveness Theme 12 Exchange rate and interest rates Theme 13 The different exchange rate regimes Theme 14 Theory of Optimum Currency Areas
The course is divided into 6 topics: 1) The origins of political economy: mercantilism and physiocracy. 2) Classical economics and theories of surplus: Smith, Ricardo, Malthus, Say, Marx. 3) From the classics to marginalism: post-Ricardian socialists, Bentham, Mill 4) Marginalism and neoclassical economics: The Lausanne School, Marshall and English marginalism 5) The economics of Keynes and the Keynesians 6) The economics of the second part of the twentieth century: neoclassical synthesis of Keynesian thought, post-Keynesian economics, liberalism - ordoliberalism.
Contents The course is centered on a reflection on the relationship between the mass media, political communication and disinformation. The main fields of study of the discipline and the most important topics such as the network, power and political communication are addressed. Among the theories examined were those developed in the United States before and immediately after the war, the development of media studies and the study of electoral campaigns. The relationship between disinformation and democracy is analyzed from the point of view of context, history, cognitive biases and social networks. Specific content Theme 1 The digital society: introductory concepts. The relationship between network and democracy is examined through the connections between new technologies and three strategic areas: education, politics and information/disinformation The digital divide and electronic democracy Theme 2 Introduction to political communication. The three actors of political communication. The main theories and models. Theme 3 Models and effects of media-politics interaction. Systemic effects and media effects Theme 4 Political language. Main theories and models. Theme 5 News Media and politics. Pre-modern, modern and post-modern electoral campaigns. Theme 6 Transformation of political communication. Populism. Social networks. Disinformation and Democracy
The course is aimed at introducing students to the analysis of the role of the various actors in the international arena and of the most significant liberal, realist, institutionalist and constructivist theories aimed at explaining international politics in the contemporary era. In particular, the theme of the profound transformations that have affected international politics will be addressed, the effects of globalization - economic and social - will be discussed with a focus on specific areas such as security, just war, cultural identity, multiculturalism, clash of civilizations, peace democratic etc. The first lessons will be dedicated to illustrating the actors (individuals, states, NGOs, regional and international institutions) who operate on an international level and explaining their relationships; attention will then be paid to the role of capitalism in international relations at the time of globalization. The course will conclude with an in-depth study of some case studies which will require active participation by the students. Specific content Theme 1 Introductory Section; The Methods of the Study of International Relations. Theme 2 The theories of international relations ! Realism ! Normativism ! Constructivism, etc. Theme 3 International relations issues ! Democratic peace theory ! Political Transitions: Transitional Justice! The thesis of the clash of civilizations ! Just and unjust wars ! Capital and international relations ! The paths of energy policy Theme 4 Case studies ! Ukraine 24 Feb.2022 - ! Post-election violence in Kenya! Minorities: autonomy and South Tyrol! Afghanistan 2001-2021
Global History has come into its own as a scholarly enterprise at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Spurred by ongoing processes of globalization it flourishes as one of the most important developments in the discipline of history today. This course will introduce students to the literature on and practice of global history looking at the relation between Europe and the rest of the world, from the late eighteenth century to the beginning of the twenty first century. In this course, global Entanglements and local specificities, interactions and hierarchies will be expressed in critical historical approaches. Moreover, global history will be investigated on defined objects and multiple scales (of object themselves, of time and space). The course will be divided into two main parts. After a week dedicated to the historiographical debates related to Global history, the main focuses of the classes will be on Actors and Spaces in a global scale. Students will be expected to write a short research paper on a topic in global history. Contents: Every week consists in 3 classes (2 hours each). Week 1 Why global history? The historiographical debate, and beyond Week 2 Actors. Migration and exile: the making of the modern global world Week 3 Actors. Transnational War Volunteers as global actors in Modern Times Week 4 Actors. The Global World of the Cominternians Week 5 Mid-Term test and “How to write a research paper”? Week 6 Spaces. Center and Periphery in Global History Week 7 Spaces. Transatlantic circulation of Ideas during the 20th Century Week 8 Spaces. The Cold War in the Global South Week 9 A global approach to our times and general conclusions of the course
The course aims to address contemporary political phenomena by focusing on development processes and participatory processes in real and digital communities with particular reference to social, media and political practices of everyday life.
The course will have as its main object of study Geopolitics, its theories and the evolution that these have undergone up to the present day. The key concepts relating to the connection between political dynamics and the territory will be examined, considering the different facets - historical, energy, ethnic, military, environmental - which have characterized this relationship over time. In particular, indications will be provided relating to the first authors who highlighted the relevance of territorial aspects in the analysis of the exercise of power in the modern age (Machiavelli, Guicciardini, etc.), opening man's gaze to geography in the sense political, up to the theories that emerged between the 19th and 20th centuries and which represent the main backbone of Western geopolitical thought. There will be references to today's reality and to the most relevant geopolitical scenarios, from Middle Eastern issues to those relating to the former Soviet Union and the conflict in Ukraine, from migratory flows to the Islamic State and the geopolitical changes that have occurred due to the Covid-19 pandemic. 19. Thus we will try to deepen the geopolitical horizon that has been determined since the end of the Cold War, understanding what is meant by globalization, and what interpretations have been given of it. Finally, the issues relating to environmental policy and the debate on the use of resources will be examined in the dynamics of global politics, analyzing which are the most relevant implications in terms of international politics in today's debate. Specific content Theme 1 The conceptual foundations of Geopolitics: the definitions of Geography and politics will be analyzed, to understand the nature and constitutive bases of the subject addressed, with references to the relevance of cartographic representation in the projections of power of States. Recommended texts: E. Boria, M. Marconi, Geopolitics from thought to action, Rome, Argos, 2022 (10 chapters at will); C.S. Maier, Inside the borders. Territory and power from 1500 to today, Turin, Einaudi, 2019 / C. Schmitt, State, Grande Spazio, Nomos, Milan, Adelphi, 2015; C. Minca, L. Bialasiewicz, Space and politics. Reflections of critical geography, Padova, Cedam, 2004. Theme 2 The state, the nation, the territory: the fundamental concepts of the interaction between the spatial dimension and power will be examined, in their historical and definitional evolution, with a particular mention of the affirmation of a geographical-political approach. Recommended texts: M. Hardt, A. Negri, Impero. The new order of globalization, Milan, BUR, 2013 / A. Ricci, The geography of uncertainty. Crisis of a model and its representation in the modern age, Rome, Exòrma, 2017 / C. Galli, Sovranità, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2019 /M. Graziano, Borders, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2017. Theme 3 The birth of Geopolitics in the modern age: the fundamental themes of political geography and geopolitics will be addressed, through an analysis of the authors (Machiavelli, Guicciardini, etc.) who imposed themselves in the public and political debate of the time and of the European and nonEuropeans, which characterized the international political order established with the Peace of Westphalia. Recommended texts: F. Salvatori, The new world, the new worlds, Rome, Universitalia, 2015 / A. Ricci, The Prince: or rather the origins of political geography, Rome, Universitalia, 2015. Theme 4 The development of geopolitical theories in the contemporary age: the main authors who initiated the geopolitical discipline (Ratzel, Kjellen, Haushofer, Mackinder, Mahan, Massi) will be analysed, inserting them into the political and historical debate of the time. Recommended text: P.M. Defarges, Introduction to geopolitics, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1994. Theme 5 Globalization: the central theme at the basis of today's geopolitical issues will be addressed, a starting from the scenario that followed the fall of the Berlin Wall, analyzing the main theories (Ohmae, Fukuyama, Huntington) that emerged from that crucial historical moment. The transition from the bipolar to the post-bipolar world will then be analysed, addressing the main geopolitical issues of the time, in a global analysis of the international arrangement of interstate relations. Recommended texts: M. Vegetti, The invention of the globe, Turin, Einaudi, 2017; A. Colombo, The disunity of the world, Milan, Feltrinelli, 2010; H. Kissinger, World Order, Milan, Mondadori, 2014. Theme 6 The geopolitics of Covid-19: this session will examine the theme of the geography of the Coronavirus and how much it has had an impact in terms of globalization, international relations, border management and the power exercised over a territory . Recommended texts: M. Foucault, Surveillance and punish. Birth of the prison, Einaudi, 2014; A. Ricci, Spaces of exception, Castelvecchi, Rome, 2021. Theme 7 Capitalism, political geography and global approach: the relationship between capitalism and globalization will be addressed, examining the main theories in this area and the historical evolution of this relationship. Recommended texts: A. Turco (edited by), Capital in the 21st century: the territory in question, «Italian Geographic Review», ISSN 0035-6697, Vol. 122, No. 4, 2015. / P. Harvey, Seventeen contradictions and the end of capitalism), Milan, Feltrinelli, 2014. Theme 8 Current geopolitical scenarios: the analysis will focus on the main issues and the most important geopolitical scenarios today, with particular reference to the Ukrainian question and the renewed importance given to borders and identity issues. The student can propose a text to the teacher. Theme 9 The Islamic State: in the study of the most urgent geopolitical issues, a focus will be made on the Islamic State, on its global projection, on the ability to live beyond its territorial presence and on its propaganda and political self-representation. Recommended text: A.M. Cossiga, The terror that wanted to become a state. Stories about Isis, Rome, EuriLink, 2015. Theme 10 Environmental policies in global geopolitical dynamics: the global repercussions of the environmental question will be analysed, in a global approach to the theme, taking into consideration the historical evolution and the current international dimension and relations between states, with reference to youth movements, policies adopted by Trump and the EU. Recommended texts: S. Pinna, The climatic change, Florence, Tab, 2019; S. Bozzato, Environment, Landscape and Tourism. Theories and cases, Rome, Universitalia, 2018. (in italian)
